Effect of Vacuum Pressure on the Initiation and Propagation of Pitting Corrosion of 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel in Concentrated Seawater

doi:10.1007/s40195-021-01329-8

Abstract

Abstract:

Pitting initiation and stable propagation behaviors of 2205 duplex stainless steel were investigated in the hot concentrated seawater under vacuum pressures by potentiostatic polarization. Both applied potentials and vacuum pressures greatly influence the pitting corrosion. Higher potentials lead to much faster stable pitting initiation and growth rates in both static (101.3 kPa) and dynamic (28.4 kPa) solutions. The pressure reduction can also accelerate the pitting initiation rate. However, the boiling of solution can influence the pitting propagation mechanism. The dynamic actions of boiling bubbles are unfavorable to the pit propagation and result in the formation of relatively smooth pit bottom without secondary pits.

Key words: Duplex stainless steel, Stable pitting, Vacuum pressure, Hot concentrated seawater, Potentiostatic polarization

Yong Yang, Xue-Ling Hou, Mou-Cheng Li. Effect of Vacuum Pressure on the Initiation and Propagation of Pitting Corrosion of 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel in Concentrated Seawater[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2022, 35(6): 1023-1033.

Figures/Tables 11

Table 1 Chemical composition of the concentrated artificial seawater (g L-1)

NaCl	MgCl₂	Na₂SO₄	CaCl₂	KCl	NaHCO₃	KBr
49.06	10.40	8.18	2.32	1.39	0.402	0.202

Fig. 1 Potentiodynamic anodic polarization curves of 2205 DSS in 72 °C concentrated seawater under 101.3 kPa and 28.4 kPa conditions

Fig. 2 SEM morphologies (back-scattered electrons) of pits formed on the specimens after the potentiodynamic anodic polarization under different conditions: a-d 101.3 kPa; e-h 28.4 kPa; a, e metastable pits inside the α-phase, b, f metastable pits in the α/γ boundary, c, g metastable pits inside the γ-phase, d, h stable pits

Fig. 3 Current time transients of 2205 DSS in 72 °C concentrated seawater at different applied potentials: a 101.3 kPa, b 28.4 kPa

Table 2 Influence of applied potential on the parameters n, τ -1 and b in concentrated seawater at the pressure of 101.3 and 28.4 kPa

E_a (V_SCE)	n	τ (s)	b₁	b₂	v (s^-1)
Atmospheric static condition (101.3 kPa)
0.30	0.85 ± 0.03	1787.1 ± 339.6	3.93 ± 0.95	1.43 ± 0.25	(8.5 ± 3.9) × 10^-4
0.35	0.73 ± 0.08	448.3 ± 263.2	2.74 ± 0.24	1.06 ± 0.22	(3.1 ± 1.6) × 10^-3
0.40	0.67 ± 0.15	230.6 ± 181.3	2.48 ± 0.98	0.75 ± 0.27	(11.0 ± 5.9) × 10^-3
0.45	0.40 ± 0.06	14.2 ± 2.7	1.42 ± 0.57	0.30 ± 0.05	(9.2 ± 4.1) × 10^-2
0.50	0.26 ± 0.02	4.6 ± 1.2	1.05 ± 0.23	0.23 ± 0.03	(23.0 ± 6.2) × 10^-2
Vacuum boiling condition (28.4 kPa)
0.10	0.85 ± 0.04	-	-	-	-
0.15	0.72 ± 0.13	233.9 ± 160.6	1.45 ± 0.30	- 1.59 ± 0.34	(6.8 ± 4.4) × 10^-3
0.20	0.64 ± 0.09	47.9 ± 18.7	0.84 ± 0.06	- 1.49 ± 0.43	(2.6 ± 1.4) × 10^-2
0.25	0.42 ± 0.03	12.7 ± 11.9	1.19 ± 0.08	- 0.81 ± 0.15	(11.0 ± 4.2) × 10^-2
0.30	0.35 ± 0.06	6.4 ± 2.4	0.83 ± 0.08	- 0.08 ± 0.23	(19.0 ± 8.2) × 10^-2

Fig. 4 Current transients for 2205 DSS in 2-time concentrated seawater at 72 °C and 0.3 VSCE under different vacuum pressures

Table 3 Influence of vacuum pressures on the parameters n, τ -1 and b in concentrated seawater

P (kPa)	n	τ (s)	b₁	b₂	v (s^-1)
101.3	0.85 ± 0.03	1787.15 ± 339.63	3.93 ± 0.95	1.43 ± 0.25	5.8 × 10^-4 ± 1.3 × 10^-4
50.7	0.68 ± 0.03	367.18 ± 143.56	1.87 ± 0.64	0.93 ± 0.14	3.4 × 10^-3 ± 1.6 × 10^-3
40.5	0.61 ± 0.06	142.07 ± 30.37	1.81 ± 0.30	0.83 ± 0.19	7.4 × 10^-3 ± 1.2 × 10^-3
30.4	0.40 ± 0.13	11.82 ± 7.23	1.05 ± 0.12	- 0.11 ± 0.09	1.1 × 10^-1 ± 4.6 × 10^-2
28.4	0.35 ± 0.06	6.4 ± 2.42	0.83 ± 0.08	- 0.08 ± 0.23	1.9 × 10^-1 ± 8.2 × 10^-2

Fig. 5 Typical SEM morphologies of the corrosion pits formed on the specimen surface after potentiostatic polarization at 0.3 VSCE under different vacuum pressures: a 101.3 kPa, b 40.5 kPa, c 30.4 kPa, d 28.4 kPa

Fig. 6 Typical 3D morphologies and depth of the pits formed on the specimen surfaces after the potentiostatic polarization at 0.3 VSCE under different vacuum pressures: a-c 101.3 kPa, d-f 40.5 kPa, g-i 30.4 kPa, j-l 28.4 kPa

Fig. 7 Dependence of the pitting initiation rate of 2205 DSS on the vacuum pressure in hot concentrated seawater at 0.3 VSCE

Fig. 8 Dependence of the pitting initiation rate of 2205 DSS on the applied potential in hot concentrated seawater under 101.3 and 28.4 kPa

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