Experimental Investigation on Friction Welding of UNS S32205 Duplex Stainless Steel

doi:10.1007/s40195-014-0113-8

Abstract

Abstract:

UNS S 32205 duplex stainless steel specimens were joined by continuous drive friction welding process. The experiments were conducted as per the Taguchi (L16 orthogonal array) method. The friction welding process parameters such as heating pressure, heating time, upsetting pressure, upsetting time, and speed of rotation were fixed with low, medium, and high levels of range based on the machine capacity, and the required knowledge was acquired from the preliminary experiments. The joint characterization studies included micro structural examination and evaluation of mechanical properties of the joints. Microhardness variation, impact toughness, and tensile strength of the joints were evaluated. Neither a crack nor an incomplete bonding zone was observed. The tensile strength of the joints was higher than the strength of the base material, and the friction and upsetting pressures were found to influence the joint strength. The tensile strength of all the welds was observed to be increasing with an increase in the rotational speed. The toughness of the friction welds was evaluated at room temperature and also at subzero (cryo) temperature conditions. The toughness for friction welds was found to be superior to the fusion welds of duplex stainless steel at room temperature and cryo conditions. Weldments exhibited better corrosion resistance than the parent material.

Key words: Duplex stainless steel, Hardness, Tensile strength, Toughness, Microstructure Corrosion

P.M.Ajith, P.Sathiya, S.Aravindan. Experimental Investigation on Friction Welding of UNS S32205 Duplex Stainless Steel[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2014, 27(6): 995-1007.

Figures/Tables 19

References 32

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Exp. No.	HP (MPa)	UP (MPa)	HT (s)	UT (s)	SoR (r/min)
1	70	145	6	3	1,500
2	70	155	7	4	2,000
3	70	165	8	5	2,500
4	70	175	9	6	3,000
5	80	145	7	5	3,000
6	80	155	6	6	2,500
7	80	165	9	3	2,000
8	80	175	8	4	1,500
9	90	145	8	6	2,000
10	90	155	9	5	1,500
11	90	165	6	4	3,000
12	90	175	7	3	2,500
13	100	145	9	4	2,500
14	100	155	8	3	3,000
15	100	165	7	6	1,500
16	100	175	6	5	2,000

Exp. No.	HP (MPa)	UP (MPa)	HT (s)	UT (s)	SoR (r/min)
1	70	145	6	3	1,500
2	70	155	7	4	2,000
3	70	165	8	5	2,500
4	70	175	9	6	3,000
5	80	145	7	5	3,000
6	80	155	6	6	2,500
7	80	165	9	3	2,000
8	80	175	8	4	1,500
9	90	145	8	6	2,000
10	90	155	9	5	1,500
11	90	165	6	4	3,000
12	90	175	7	3	2,500
13	100	145	9	4	2,500
14	100	155	8	3	3,000
15	100	165	7	6	1,500
16	100	175	6	5	2,000

Exp. No.	Ferrite number			Predicted ferrite number in the weld metal
Exp. No.	WM	PDZ	Base metal	Predicted ferrite number in the weld metal
1	53.34	47.18	51.98	48
2	54.5	46.52	50.04	46
3	51.88	45.14	48.26	47
4	53.62	45.28	43.66	46
5	55.76	45.32	47.78	45
6	52.9	46.8	50.7	48
7	52.3	43.8	48.1	47
8	55.02	44.5	44.78	46
9	51.86	44.46	47.7	46
10	55.96	44.3	47.62	47
11	52.1	46.6	49.1	45
12	52.0	45.38	46.34	46
13	52.78	41.28	44.16	46
14	55.0	45.06	45.1	45
15	54.68	45.68	48.46	47
16	53.46	46.24	45.8	46

Exp. No.	Ferrite number			Predicted ferrite number in the weld metal
Exp. No.	WM	PDZ	Base metal	Predicted ferrite number in the weld metal
1	53.34	47.18	51.98	48
2	54.5	46.52	50.04	46
3	51.88	45.14	48.26	47
4	53.62	45.28	43.66	46
5	55.76	45.32	47.78	45
6	52.9	46.8	50.7	48
7	52.3	43.8	48.1	47
8	55.02	44.5	44.78	46
9	51.86	44.46	47.7	46
10	55.96	44.3	47.62	47
11	52.1	46.6	49.1	45
12	52.0	45.38	46.34	46
13	52.78	41.28	44.16	46
14	55.0	45.06	45.1	45
15	54.68	45.68	48.46	47
16	53.46	46.24	45.8	46

Exp. No.	Cr	Mo	Si	Ni	C	N	Mn	Cr_eq	Ni_eq	Cr_eq/Ni_eq
1	22.60	3.31	0.38	5.02	0.012	0.142	1.54	22.814	12.092	1.88
2	22.91	3.42	0.37	4.98	0.023	0.173	1.63	23.263	13.233	1.76
3	22.16	3.27	0.42	5.12	0.019	0.145	1.73	22.378	12.575	1.78
4	22.38	3.41	0.48	4.83	0.024	0.153	1.69	22.884	12.623	1.81
5	22.54	3.29	0.39	5.10	0.018	0.162	1.85	22.741	13.027	1.74
6	22.61	3.17	0.41	5.09	0.021	0.155	1.73	22.673	12.865	1.76
7	22.76	3.28	0.44	4.89	0.025	0.149	1.51	23.022	12.519	1.84
8	22.09	3.46	0.47	5.01	0.027	0.163	1.49	22.649	13.053	1.73
9	22.81	3.39	0.39	5.07	0.019	0.168	1.53	23.151	13.023	1.78
10	22.85	3.26	0.31	4.92	0.025	0.149	1.60	22.889	12.594	1.82
11	22.91	3.20	0.43	4.87	0.023	0.171	1.67	23.045	13.091	1.76
12	22.11	3.38	0.44	5.05	0.028	0.153	1.59	22.512	12.913	1.74
13	22.73	3.39	0.47	5.11	0.022	0.156	1.43	23.191	12.791	1.81
14	22.39	3.18	0.34	4.92	0.019	0.171	1.72	22.362	13.046	1.71
15	22.43	3.40	0.36	4.79	0.024	0.162	1.63	22.74	12.787	1.78
16	22.75	3.29	0.41	4.86	0.021	0.166	1.58	22.72	12.78	1.77
Base metal	22.43	3.38	0.35	4.77	0.025	0.193	1.61	22.69	13.59	1.66