Hot Deformation Behavior and Processing Map of a Cu-Bearing 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel

doi:10.1007/s40195-019-00910-6

Abstract

Abstract:

The hot deformation behavior and processing map of Cu-bearing 2205 duplex stainless steel (2205-Cu DSS) were investigated at temperatures of 950-1150 °C and strain rates of 0.01-10 s^-1. The effects of Cu addition and different deformation parameters on deformation behavior were, respectively, characterized by analyzing flow curves, constitutive equations and microstructures. The results indicated that the shapes of flow curves strongly depended on the volume fraction of two phases. When deformed at low strain rate, DRV in ferrite was prompted with increase in the temperature and was further developed to continuous DRX. At high strain rate, flow localization preferentially occurred in ferrite at low deformation temperature due to the strain partitioning and relatively less fraction of ferrite. The activation energy for 2205-Cu DSS was 452 kJ/mol and was found to connect with the variation of strain, strain rate and deformation temperature. The optimum hot deformation parameters for 2205-Cu DSS were obtained in the temperature range of 1100-1150 °C and strain rate range of 0.1-1 s^-1 with a peak power dissipation efficiency of 41%. Flow localization was the main way to lead to flow instability. Meanwhile, the Cu-rich precipitates were generated within a few ferrite grains when deformed at temperature lower than 1000 °C. The interaction between dislocations and Cu-rich precipitates at high strain rate, as well as the limited DRV in ferrite and DRX in austenite, contributed to the complex microstructure and flow behavior.

Key words: Cu-bearing duplex stainless steel, Hot deformation, Processing map, Dynamic recrystallization, Dynamic recovery

Tong Xi, Lu Yin, Chun-Guang Yang, Ke Yang. Hot Deformation Behavior and Processing Map of a Cu-Bearing 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2019, 32(12): 1537-1548.

Figures/Tables 13

Fig. 1 Deformation procedure for the experimental 2205-Cu DSS

Fig. 2 Initial microstructure a, XRD patterns b of as-received 2205-Cu DSS before hot deformation. The inset in a shows the magnification of initial microstructure

Fig. 3 Volume fraction of austenite in 2205-Cu DSS as a function of deformation temperature

Fig. 4 Flow stress-strain curves of the 2205-Cu DSS deformed at different deformation conditions

Fig. 5 Regression fitting of the hyperbolic sine function for 2205-Cu DSS under the different flow stress, strain rate and deformation temperature

Fig. 6 Dependence of flow stress with Z parameter under different deformation conditions according to hyperbolic sine law

Fig. 7 Activation energy as a function of strain and strain rate

Fig. 8 Hot processing map for 2205-Cu DSS at strain of 0.6

Fig. 9 Optical micrographs of 2205-Cu DSS obtained at 1050 °C/0.1 s-1a, 1100 °C/0.1 s-1b, 1000 °C/10 s-1c, 1100 °C/10 s-1d

Fig. 10 Microstructure for 2205-Cu DSS obtained at 950 °C/0.01 s-1a, 1050 °C/0.01 s-1b, 1150 °C/0.01 s-1c, 950 °C/10 s-1d, 1050 °C/10 s-1e, 1150 °C/10 s-1f. Hereinto, black arrows denote the DRV in ferrite grains, and white arrows represent the DRX in austenite grain

Fig. 11 TEM images of the 2205-Cu DSS under different deformation conditions: a 950 °C/0.01 s-1, b 950 °C/10 s-1, c 1150 °C/0.01 s-1, d 1150 °C/10 s-1

Fig. 12 SEM-EDS analysis of austenite and ferrite for 2205-Cu DSS at temperature of 1000 °C

Fig. 13 TEM bright field images of Cu-rich precipitates in 2205-Cu DSS under different deformation conditions: a 950 °C/10 s-1, b 1000 °C/10 s-1. The inset is the corresponding electron diffraction patterns of the matrix

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