Microstructural Evolution and Biodegradation Response of Mg-2Zn-0.5Nd Alloy During Tensile and Compressive Deformation

doi:10.1007/s40195-020-01164-3

Abstract

Abstract:

The effect of deformation behavior on the in vitro corrosion rate of Mg-2Zn-0.5Nd alloy was investigated experimentally after uniaxial tensile and compressive stress. The microstructure and texture were characterized using electron backscattered diffraction and X-ray diffraction, while potentiodynamic polarization and immersion tests were used to investigate the corrosion response after deformation. The result reveals that applied compressive stress has more dominant effect on the corrosion rate of Mg-2Zn-0.5Nd alloy as compared to tensile stress. Both tensile and compressive strains introduce dislocation slip and deformation twins in the alloy, thereby accelerating the corrosion rate due to the increased stress corrosion related to dislocation slips and deformation twins. The {10$\bar{1}$2} tension twinning and prismatic slip were the major contributors to tensile deformation while basal slip, and {10$\bar{1}$2} tension twin were obtainable during compressive deformation. The twinning activity after deformation increases with the plastic strain and this correlates with the degradation rate.

Key words: Magnesium, EBSD, Corrosion, Deformation, Twinning

Iniobong P. Etim, Wen Zhang, Yi Zhang, Lili Tan, Ke Yang. Microstructural Evolution and Biodegradation Response of Mg-2Zn-0.5Nd Alloy During Tensile and Compressive Deformation[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2021, 34(6): 834-844.

Figures/Tables 16

Table 1 Chemical composition of as-extruded Mg-2Zn-0.5Nd alloy (wt%)

Zn	Nd	Fe	Co	Ni	Cu	Mg
1.84	0.52	0.005	< 0.003	< 0.003	< 0.003	Bal.

Fig. 1 Von Mises stress distribution of Mg-2Zn-0.5Nd alloy after a 25% tensile deformation and b 25% compressive deformation

Fig. 2 Initial microstructure and texture of the as-extruded Mg-2Zn-0.5Nd alloy. The scanned surface is perpendicular to the ED. a Inverse pole figure (IPF) map with stereographic triangle reflecting the orientation relationship between the sample surfaces and crystallographic planes of the grains before deformation, b pole figure before deformation, c grain size distribution, d inverse pole figure before deformation with contour line levels 1, 2, 3

Fig. 3 Mechanical response of Mg-2Zn-0.5Nd alloy loaded along ED: a stress-strain curves, b strain hardening rate curves

Table 2 Mechanical properties of the Mg-2Zn-0.5Nd alloy

Deformation	Yield stress (MPa)	Fracture stress (MPa)	Elongation (%)
Tensile	63 ± 2	143 ± 3	32 ± 2
Compressive	95 ± 3	317 ± 5	35 ± 3

Fig. 4 Inverse pole figure (IPF) maps of Mg-2Zn-0.5Nd alloy after a 5%, b 15%, c 25% compressive strains along the ED and d 5%, e 15%, f 25% tensile strains along ED; grain size distributions after g 5%, h 15%, i 25% compressive strains and j 5%, k 15%, l 25% tensile strains

Fig. 5 Grain and twin boundary maps of Mg-2Zn-0.5Nd alloy after a 25% compressive deformation and b 25% tensile deformation, c twin variant labels, d misorientation angle distributions, e volume fraction of twinned regions at different plastic strains

Fig. 6 XRD patterns of extruded Mg-2Zn-0.5Nd alloy after a compressive loading and b tensile loading at different strain levels along ED

Table 3 Relative intensities of XRD results in three directions under uniaxial tension and compression of Mg-2Zn-0.5Nd alloy at room temperature

Plastic strain	Tensile deformation			Compressive deformation
Plastic strain	I_i %_(10-10)	I_i %₍₀₀₀₂₎	I_i %_(10-11)	I_i %_(10-10)	I_i %₍₀₀₀₂₎	I_i %_(10-11)
As-extruded	16.3	19.9	63.8	16.3	19.9	63.8
5%	20.7	14.1	65.2	14.5	22.8	62.7
15%	26.2	6.7	67.1	12.7	27.6	59.7
25%	28.1	3.6	68.3	7.8	40.4	51.8

Fig. 7 {0002} pole figures of Mg-2Zn-0.5Nd alloy after a-c 5%, 15% and 25% compressive strains along ED, d-f 5%, 15% and 25% tensile strains along ED. Inverse pole figure evolution during g-i 5%, 15% and 25% compression strains, j-l 5%, 15% and 25% tensile strains. Contour line levels are 1, 2, 3, 4…

Fig. 8 a Potentiodynamic polarization and b EIS curves of Mg-2Zn-0.5Nd alloy under different plastic strains in Hank’s solution at 37 °C

Table 4 Corrosion potential (Ecorr), corrosion current density (icorr), and cathodic polarization $\beta_{{\rm c}}$ slope of Mg-2Zn-0.5Nd alloy extrapolated from the polarization curves in Fig. 8a

Sample	E_corr (V_SCE)	i_corr (µA cm^-2)	$\beta_{\text{c }}$ (V decay^-1)
A0	- 1.61 ± 0.04	2.71 ± 0.32	- 0.155 ± 0.010
T5	- 1.57 ± 0.03	2.85 ± 0.38	- 0.145 ± 0.012
T15	- 1.54 ± 0.02	10.21 ± 0.72	- 0.219 ± 0.020
T25	- 1.48 ± 0.04	18.34 ± 1.21	- 0.237 ± 0.023
C5	- 1.58 ± 0.03	3.28 ± 0.42	- 0.194 ± 0.014
C15	- 1.55 ± 0.02	13.17 ± 0.74	- 0.217 ± 0.021
C25	- 1.51 ± 0.03	45.32 ± 2.52	- 0.190 ± 0.019

Fig. 9 Relationship between corrosion current (icorr), Vickers hardness and tensile/compressive strain of the Mg-2Zn-0.5Nd alloy

Fig. 10 Weight loss of Mg-2Zn-0.5Nd alloy with different tensile and compressive deformations after immersion tests in Hank’s solution at 37 °C for 7 d, 14 d, and 28 d (total number of samples, N?=?105)

Fig. 11 Corroded surface morphologies of Mg-2Zn-0.5Nd alloy: a, b as-extruded, c 25% tensile deformation, and d 25% compressive deformation after 14-day immersion in Hank’s solution at 37 °C

Table 5 EDS results of the framed zone A and B in Fig. 11a (wt%)

Zone	O	Mg	P	Cl	Ca	Zn	Nd
A	46.80	32.99	11.93	1.92	5.02	0.98	0.36
B	34.11	14.34	23.79	1.80	23.45	1.38	1.13

References 48

[1]	L. Tan, X. Yu, P. Wan, K. Yang J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 29, 503 (2013) DOI URL
[2]	Y.S. Jeong, W.J. Kim, Corros. Sci. 82, 392 (2014) DOI URL
[3]	J. Zhang, N. Kong, Y. Shi, J. Niu, L. Mao, H. Li, M. Xiong, G. Yuan, Corros. Sci. 85, 477 (2014) DOI URL
[4]	J. Hofstetter, E. Martinelli, A.M. Weinberg, M. Becker, B. Mingler, P.J. Uggowitzer, J.F. Löffler, Corros. Sci. 91, 29 (2015) DOI URL
[5]	Y. Shao, R.C. Zeng, S.Q. Li, L.Y. Cui, Y.H. Zou, S.K. Guan, Y.F. Zheng, Acta Metal. Sin. -Engl. Lett. 33, 615 (2020)
[6]	M.S. Song, R.C. Zeng, Y.F. Ding, R.W. Li, M. Easton, I. Cole, N. Birbilis, X.B. Chen J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 35, 535 (2019) DOI URL
[7]	R.C. Zeng, L.Y. Cui, W. Ke, Acta Metal. Sin. 54, 1215 (2018). (in Chinese)
[8]	X.B. Zhang, Z.X. Ba, Q. Wang, Y.J. Wu, Z.Z. Wang, Q. Wang, Corros. Sci. 88, 1 (2014) DOI URL
[9]	G. Mani, M.D. Feldman, D. Patel, C.M. Agrawal, Biomaterials 28, 1689 (2007)
[10]	M. Niinomi, M. Nakai, J. Hieda, Acta Biomate. 8, 3888 (2012) DOI URL
[11]	S.X. Zhang, X.N. Zhang, C.L. Zhao, J.A. Li, Y. Song, C.Y. Xie, H.R. Tao, Y. Zhang, Y.H. He, Y. Jiang, Y.J. Bian, Acta Biomate. 6, 626 (2010) DOI URL
[12]	X. Zhang, G. Yuan, Z. Wang, Mater. Lett. 74, 128 (2012) DOI URL
[13]	E. Zhang, L. Yang, Mater. Sci. Eng., A 497, 111 (2008)
[14]	E. Zhang, W. He, H. Du, K. Yang, Mater. Sci. Eng., A 488, 102 (2008)
[15]	H.S. Brar, J. Wong, M.V. Manuel J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mate. 7, 87 (2012)
[16]	Z.Y. Ding, L.Y. Cui, R.C. Zeng, Y.B. Zhao, S.K. Guan, D.K. Xu, C.G. Lin J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 34, 1550 (2018) DOI URL
[17]	H. Liu, H. Huang, J.P. Sun, C. Wang, J. Bai, A.B. Ma, X.H. Chen, Acta Metal. Sin. -Engl. Lett. 32, 269 (2019)
[18]	F. Witte, V. Kaese, H. Haferkamp, E. Switzer, A. Meyer-Lindenberg, C.J. Wirth, H. Windhagen, Biomaterials 26, 3557 (2005)
[19]	B. Smola, L. Joska, V. Březina, I. Stulíková, F. Hnilica, Mater. Sci. Eng., C 32, 659 (2012)
[20]	L. Mao, G.Y. Yuan, S.H. Wang, J.L. Niu, G.H. Wu, W.J. Ding, Mater. Lett. 88, 1 (2012) DOI URL
[21]	Y.J. Chen, Z.G. Xu, C. Smith, J. Sankar, Acta Biomate. 10, 4561 (2014) DOI URL
[22]	J.M. Seitz, R. Eifler, J. Stahl, M. Kietzmann, F.W. Bach, Acta Biomate. 8, 3852 (2012) DOI URL
[23]	R.C. Zeng, Z.Z. Yin, X.B. Chen, D.K. Xu, in Magnesium Alloys, ed. By T. Tański (Intechopen, London, 2018). https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.80083
[24]	D. Song, A.B. Ma, J.H. Jiang, P.H. Lin, D.H. Yang, J.F. Fan, Corros. Sci. 53, 362 (2011) DOI URL
[25]	P.L. Bonora, M. Andrei, A. Eliezer, E.M. Gutman, Corros. Sci. 44, 729 (2002) DOI URL
[26]	D. Song, A. Ma, J. Jiang, P. Lin, D. Yang, J. Fan, Corros. Sci. 52, 481 (2010) DOI URL
[27]	T. Zhang, Y. Shao, G. Meng, Z. Cui, F. Wang, Corros. Sci. 53, 1960 (2011)
[28]	Y. Zheng, Y. Li, J. Chen, Z. Zou, Corros. Sci. 90, 445 (2015) DOI URL
[29]	J.A. Grogan, B.J. O’Brien, S.B. Leen, P.E. McHugh, Acta Biomater. 7, 3523 (2011) DOI PMID
[30]	X. Li, C. Chu, Y. Wei, C. Qi, J. Bai, C. Guo, F. Xue, P. Lin, P.K. Chu, Acta Biomate. 48, 468 (2017) DOI URL
[31]	F. Tuchscheerer, L. Krüger, J. Mater. Sci. 50, 5104 (2015) DOI URL
[32]	J.A. Grogan, D. Gastaldi, M. Castelletti, F. Migliavacca, G. Dubini, P.E. McHugh, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 84, 2088 (2013)
[33]	D. Liu, S. Hu, X. Yin, J. Liu, Z. Jia, Q. Li, Mater. Sci. Eng., C 84, 263 (2018)
[34]	S. Bagherifard, D.J. Hickey, S. Fintová, F. Pastorek, I. Fernandez-Pariente, M. Bandini, T.J. Webster, M. Guagliano, Acta Biomate. 66, 93 (2018) DOI URL
[35]	K. Törne, A. Örnberg, J. Weissenrieder, Acta Biomate. 48, 541 (2017) DOI URL
[36]	Y. Zong, G. Yuan, X. Zhang, L. Mao, J. Niu, W. Ding, Mater. Sci. Eng., B 177, 395 (2012)
[37]	I.P. Etim, W. Zhang, L. Tan, K. Yang, Bioact. Mate. 5, 133 (2020)
[38]	N.N. Aung, W. Zhou, Corros. Sci. 52, 589 (2010) DOI URL
[39]	N. Liu, J. Wang, L. Wang, Y. Wu, L. Wang, Corros. Sci. 51, 1328 (2009) DOI URL
[40]	J.D. Robson, N. Stanford, M.R. Barnett, Acta Mate. 59, 1945 (2011) DOI URL
[41]	J. Bohlen, M.R. Nürnberg, J.W. Senn, D. Letzig, S.R. Agnew, Acta Mate. 55, 2101 (2007) DOI URL
[42]	M. Knezevic, A. Levinson, R. Harris, R.K. Mishra, R.D. Doherty, S.R. Kalidindi, Acta Mate. 58, 6230 (2010) DOI URL
[43]	S.R. Agnew, Ö. Duygulu, Int. J. Plast 21, 1161 (2005) DOI URL
[44]	J. Koike, R. Ohyama, Acta Mate. 53, 1963 (2005) DOI URL
[45]	J. Wang, L. Xu, R. Wu, J. Feng, J. Zhang, L. Hou, M. Zhang, Acta Metal. Sin. -Engl. Lett. 33, 490 (2020)
[46]	G.L. Song, Z. Xu, Electrochim. Acta 55, 4148 (2010) DOI URL
[47]	M. Andrei, A. Eliezer, P.L. Bonora, E.M. Gutman, Mater. Corros. 53, 455 (2002) DOI URL
[48]	G.B. Hamu, D. Eliezer, L. Wagner, J. Alloys Compd. 468, 222 (2009) DOI URL