Microstructure, Tensile Properties and Work Hardening Behavior of an Extruded Mg-Zn-Ca-Mn Magnesium Alloy

doi:10.1007/s40195-020-01061-9

Abstract

Abstract:

A new Mg-2.2 wt% Zn alloy containing 1.8 wt% Ca and 0.5 wt% Mn has been developed and subjected to extrusion under different extrusion parameters. The finest (~ 0.48 μm) recrystallized grain structures, containing both nano-sized MgZn₂ precipitates and α-Mn nanoparticles, were obtained in the alloy extruded at 270 °C/0.01 mm s^-1. In this alloy, the deformed coarse-grain region possessed a much stronger texture intensity (~ 32.49 mud) relative to the recrystallized fine-grain region (~ 13.99 mud). A positive work hardening rate in the third stage of work hardening curve was also evident in the alloy extruded at 270 °C, which was related to the sharp basal texture and which provided insufficient active slip systems. The high work hardening rate in the fourth stage contributed to the high ductility extruded at 270 °C/1 mm s^-1. This alloy exhibited a weak texture, and the examination of fracture surface revealed highly dimpled surfaces. The optimum tensile strength was achieved in the alloy extruded at 270 °C/0.01 mm s^-1, and the yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and elongation to failure were ~ 364.1 MPa, ~ 394.5 MPa and ~ 7.2%, respectively. Fine grain strengthening from the recrystallized fine-grain region played the greatest role in the strength increment of this alloy compared with Orowan strengthening and dislocation strengthening in the deformed coarse-grain regions.

Key words: Magnesium alloy, Mixed grain structure, Mechanical properties, Work hardening behavior

Kai-Bo Nie, Zhi-Hao Zhu, Paul Munroe, Kun-Kun Deng, Jun-Gang Han. Microstructure, Tensile Properties and Work Hardening Behavior of an Extruded Mg-Zn-Ca-Mn Magnesium Alloy[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2020, 33(7): 922-936.

Figures/Tables 15

Fig. 1 OM and SEM micrographs of the ZXM alloy: a, c as-cast, b, d homogenization treatment

Fig. 2 XRD spectra of as-cast ZXM alloy

Fig. 3 OM micrographs and corresponding grain size distributions of a-c ZXM-270/0.01, d-f ZXM-270/1, g-i ZXM-350/0.01

Fig. 4 Secondary electron images and EDS composite maps of the ZXM-270/0.01 sample: a SEM image at low magnification, b SEM image at high magnification, c EDS composite maps (Mg map, Ca map and Zn map)

Fig. 5 Secondary electron images of a, b ZXM-270/0.01, c, d ZXM-270/1, e, f ZXM-350/0.01

Fig. 6 Bright-field TEM images of ZXM-270/0.01 sample: a broken coarse phase, b distribution of second phases, c corresponding EDS point (“A” point, in b), d corresponding EDS point (“B” point, in b) (Inset in a shows the selected area diffraction pattern from the block phase, shown to be consistent with Ca2Mg6Zn3; inset in b shows the selected area diffraction pattern from the “A” point, shown to be consistent with MgZn2)

Fig. 7 Average size and volume fraction of MgZn2 phases in the ZXM alloys extruded under different conditions

Fig. 8 Inverse pole figure map (IPF) of the ZXM-270/0.01 sample along extrusion direction: a IPF map, b Schmid factor, c inverse pole figure for overall region

Fig. 9 Basal plane (0002), prismatic I (10-10) and prismatic II (11-20) for the ZXM-270/0.01 sample: a-c DRXed fine-grain region, d-f unDRXed coarse-grains region, g-i overall

Fig. 10 a Inverse pole figure map, b kernel average misorientation (KAM) map of the ZXM-270/0.01 sample

Fig. 11 a Engineering strain-stress curves, b strain hardening rate of the ZXM alloy extruded at different extrusion parameters

Table 1 Tensile properties of the as-cast and extruded ZXM alloys at different extrusion parameters

Alloys	YS (MPa)	UTS (MPa)	EL (%)
As-cast ZXM	55.7 ± 1.6	131.6 ± 10.1	4.9 ± 0.7
ZXM-270/0.01	364.1 ± 4.6	394.5 ± 8.5	7.2 ± 0.9
ZXM-270/1	315.0 ± 11.1	318.9 ± 8.8	23.1 ± 2.3
ZXM-350/0.01	287.3 ± 1.5	303.3 ± 0.9	9.8 ± 0.2

Fig. 12 Comparison of mechanical properties among the present ZXM alloys extruded at different conditions and previous works: a UTS versus YS, b YS versus elongation

Fig. 13 a Comparison strengthening mechanisms, b comparison of YS among the experimental data and predicted data

Fig. 14 OM near fracture surfaces as well as the typical SEM surfaces of a-c ZXM-270/0.01, d-f ZXM-270/1, g-i ZXM-350/0.01

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