Fig. 1 Schematic of AFE

Fig. 2 Interrupted extrudate with five characteristic locations labeled A, B, C, D, and E

Fig. 3 Shear strain distribution under different punch down stroke a with 10 cm punch down stroke b with 20 cm punch down stroke c with 30 cm punch down stroke

Fig. 4 Change of velocity field with different punch down stroke: a the left punch applied load downward with 20 cm punch down stroke when the right punch fixed, b the left punch applied load downward with 30 cm punch down stroke when the right punch fixed, c the right punch applied load downward with 20 cm punch down stroke when the left punch fixed, d the right punch applied load downward with 30 cm punch down stroke when the left punch fixed

Fig. 5 Microstructures of the characteristic locations: a location A, b location B, c location C, d location D, e location E

Fig. 6 Crystallographic orientation of the characteristic locations: a location A, b location B, c location C, d location D, e location E, f EBSD inverse pole figures (IPF)

Fig. 7 Misorientation angle distribution of the characteristic locations at location A (a), location B (b), location C (c), location D (d), location E (e) and the average misorientation angle variation of the corresponding region (f)

Fig. 8 TEM image of the characteristic locations: a DRX of location A, b subgrain of location A, c elongated grains and twin of location B, d different oriented grains of location B, e DRX of location C, f dislocation net of location C, g triple grain boundary of location D, h dislocation of location D, i DRX of location E, j subgrain of location E