Fig. 1 Stress-strain curve of Mg-Ce alloy during in situ tensile loading

Fig. 2 IPF maps of Mg-Ce alloy at different tensile strains of a 0, b 3%, c 6%, d 15%, e 20%, f 23%. The tensile direction (TD) is parallel to the extrusion axis (ED). The colors in the IPF maps represent the orientations of the normal direction of the grains according to the color key. And those grains and boundaries in which its CI value is lower than 0.3 in the data collection were shown as black

Fig. 3 Kikuchi band contrast maps of Mg-Ce alloy after strain of a 0, b 6%, c 15%. Color key for image quality map: the {10-12} extension twin boundaries (86°<1-210>±5°) are outlined in red, the {10-11} contraction twin boundaries (56°<1-210>±5°) outlined as green and the {10-11}-{10-12} double twins boundaries (38°<1-210>±5°) outlined as blue

Fig. 4 Slip traces and accompanying pole figures illustrating the method used to identify the most likely active deformation mode after strain of 23%. The line on the pole figures corresponds to the trace of the slip plane (arrowed pole) closest to the observed slip trace