Effects of Nb Addition on Charpy Impact Properties of TiVTa Refractory High-Entropy Alloy

doi:10.1007/s40195-022-01494-4

Abstract

Abstract:

In the present study, the effects of Nb addition on Charpy impact properties of TiVTa refractory high-entropy alloy with high strength-ductility trade-off were systematically studied by using the instrumented Charpy impact testing machine. The experimental results showed that the impact toughness was remarkably improved by Nb addition in TiVTa to form TiVTaNb alloy. The crack initiation energy and propagation energy of TiVTaNb were 67.3% and 24.9% higher than that of TiVTa, indicating that Nb addition simultaneously reinforced the resistance to crack initiation and propagation. The impact fracture of TiVTaNb exhibited larger bending degree of shear lips, deeper dimples and more secondary cracks which effectively dissipated more impact energy. The deformation mechanism of TiVTa alloy was dominated by dislocation activities. While in TiVTaNb, the deformation mechanism was synergized by dislocation activities and deformation twinning, which were the main contributors for the improved impact properties and the stronger crack resistance of TiVTaNb alloy under impact loading.

Key words: Refractory high-entropy alloys, Nb addition, Impact property, Crack resistance, Deformation mechanism

Xue Yin, Yan-Kun Dou, Xin-Fu He, Ke Jin, Cheng-Long Wang, Ya-Guang Dong, Cun-Yong Wang, Yun-Fei Xue, Wen Yang. Effects of Nb Addition on Charpy Impact Properties of TiVTa Refractory High-Entropy Alloy[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2023, 36(3): 405-416.

Figures/Tables 13

Table 1 Chemical composition of the as-cast TiVTa and TiVTaNb alloys measured by energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS)

Alloys	Chemical composition (at.%)
Alloys	Ti	V	Ta	Nb
TiVTa
Nominal	33.33	33.33	33.33
Practical	36.15	32.28	31.57
TiVTaNb
Nominal	25.00	25.00	25.00	25.00
Practical	26.71	23.98	22.94	26.37

Fig. 1 Engineering stress-strain curves of TiVTa and TiVTaNb

Fig. 2 Fracture surfaces: a TiVTa; b TiVTaNb

Fig. 3 Load-displacement curves during impact test: a TiVTa; b TiVTaNb

Fig. 4 Impact absorbed energy

Fig. 5 IPF maps of impact specimens before Charpy impact test: a TiVTa; b TiVTaNb; c grain size distribution of TiVTa; d grain size distribution of TiVTaNb

Fig. 6 IPF maps of impact specimens after Charpy impact test: a TiVTa; b TiVTaNb

Fig. 7 KAM maps of the crack propagation region: a TiVTa; b TiVTaNb

Fig. 8 Macroscopic observations of the side face of fractured Charpy impact specimens: a TiVTa; b TiVTaNb. The plastic deformation regions of all specimens are marked out by the blue and purple lines

Fig. 9 Fractographies of the impact specimens: a TiVTa; b TiVTaNb; a1 magnified crack initiation region in a; a2 crack propagation region in a; b1 magnified crack initiation region in b; b2 crack propagation region in b

Fig.10 Crack initiation energy and tensile strain of TiVTa and TiVTaNb

Fig. 11 Observations on cross-sectional region under fracture surfaces of impact specimens: a TiVTa; b TiVTaNb. The direction of crack propagation is marked by red arrows

Fig. 12 Schematic illustration on deformation mechanisms and crack propagation: a TiVTa; b TiVTaNb

References 52

[1]	J.W. Yeh, S.K. Chen, S.J. Lin, J.Y. Gan, T.S. Chin, T.T. Shun, C.H. Tsau, S.Y. Chang, Adv. Eng. Mater. 6, 299 (2004)
[2]	B. Cantor, I.T.H. Chang, P. Knight, A.J.B. Vincent, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 375-377, 213 (2004)
[3]	B. Gludovatz, A. Hohenwarter, D. Catoor, E.H. Chang, E.P. George, R.O. Ritchie, Science 345, 1153 (2014)
[4]	Z. Lei, X. Liu, Y. Wu, H. Wang, S. Jiang, S. Wang, X. Hui, Y. Wu, B. Gault, P. Kontis, D. Raabe, L. Gu, Q. Zhang, H. Chen, H. Wang, J. Liu, K. An, Q. Zeng, T.G. Nieh, Z. Lu, Nature 563, 546 (2018)
[5]	D.B. Miracle, O.N. Senkov, Acta Mater. 122, 448 (2017)
[6]	O.N. Senkov, G.B. Wilks, D.B. Miracle, C.P. Chuang, P.K. Liaw, Intermetallics 18, 1758 (2010)
[7]	O.N. Senkov, D.B. Miracle, K.J. Chaput, J.P. Couzinie, J. Mater. Res.33, 3092 (2018)
[8]	X.J. Hua, P. Hu, H.R. Xing, J.Y. Han, S.W. Ge, Sh.L. Li, Ch.J. He, KSh. Wang, Ch.J. Cui, Acta Metall. Sin. -Engl. Lett. 35, 1231 (2022)
[9]	N. Jia, Y. Li, X. Liu, Y. Zheng, B. Wang, J. Wang, Y. Xue, K. Jin, JOM 71, 3490 (2019)
[10]	C. Lee, G. Song, M.C. Gao, R. Feng, P. Chen, J. Brechtl, Y. Chen, K. An, W. Guo, J.D. Poplawsky, S. Li, A.T. Samaei, W. Chen, A. Hu, H. Choo, P.K. Liaw, Acta Mater. 160, 158 (2018)
[11]	H.W. Yao, J.W. Qiao, M.C. Gao, J.A. Hawk, S.G. Ma, H.F. Zhou, Y. Zhang, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 674, 203 (2016)
[12]	X. Yang, Y. Zhang, P.K. Liaw, Procedia Eng. 36, 292 (2012)
[13]	W. Guo, B. Liu, Y. Liu, T. Li, A. Fu, Q. Fang, Y. Nie, J. Alloys Compd. 776, 428 (2019)
[14]	O.N. Senkov, J.M. Scott, S.V. Senkova, F. Meisenkothen, D.B. Miracle, C.F. Woodward, J. Mater. Sci. 47, 4062 (2012)
[15]	O.N. Senkov, S.V. Senkova, D.B. Miracle, C. Woodward, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 565, 51 (2013)
[16]	Y. Liu, Y. Zhang, H. Zhang, N. Wang, X. Chen, H. Zhang, Y. Li, J. Alloys Compd. 694, 869 (2017)
[17]	Y.D. Wu, Y.H. Cai, T. Wang, J.J. Si, J. Zhu, Y.D. Wang, X.D. Hui, Mater. Lett. 130, 277 (2014)
[18]	J.P. Couzinié, G. Dirras, Mater. Charact. 147, 533 (2019)
[19]	O.N. Senkov, J.M. Scott, S.V. Senkova, D.B. Miracle, C.F. Woodward, J. Alloys Compd. 509, 6043 (2011)
[20]	G. Dirras, H. Couque, L. Lilensten, A. Heczel, D. Tingaud, J.P. Couzinié, L. Perrière, J. Gubicza, I. Guillot, Mater. Charact. 111, 106 (2016)
[21]	G. Dirras, J. Gubicza, A. Heczel, L. Lilensten, J.P. Couzinié, L. Perrière, I. Guillot, A. Hocini, Mater. Charact. 108, 1 (2015)
[22]	J.P. Couzinié, L. Lilensten, Y. Champion, G. Dirras, L. Perrière, I. Guillot, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 645, 255 (2015)
[23]	L. Lilensten, J.P. Couzinié, L. Perrière, A. Hocini, C. Keller, G. Dirras, I. Guillot, Acta Mater. 142, 131 (2018)
[24]	M. Feuerbacher, M. Heidelmann, C. Thomas, Philos. Mag. 95, 1221 (2015)
[25]	O.N. Senkov, S.L. Semiatin, J. Alloys Compd. 649, 1110 (2015)
[26]	L.E. Murr, M.A. Meyers, C.S. Niou, Y.J. Chen, S. Pappu, C. Kennedy, Acta Mater. 45, 157 (1997)
[27]	X. Zhang, W. Wang, J. Wu, S. Wang, J. Sun, J.Y. Chung, S.J. Pennycook, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 809, 140931 (2021)
[28]	M. Wu, S. Wang, F. Xiao, G. Zhu, C. Yang, D. Shu, B. Sun, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 110, 210 (2022)
[29]	C. Holzapfel, W. Schäf, M. Marx, H. Vehoff, F. Mücklich, Scr. Mater. 56, 697 (2007)
[30]	A. Pineau, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 373, 20140131 (2015)
[31]	L. Xiong, Z.S. You, S.D. Qu, L. Lu, Acta Mater. 150, 130 (2018)
[32]	Z.C. Cordero, B.E. Knight, C.A. Schuh, Int. Mater. Rev. 61, 495 (2016)
[33]	K. Wang, N.R. Tao, G. Liu, J. Lu, K. Lu, Acta Mater. 54, 5281 (2006)
[34]	Q.Q. Duan, R.T. Qu, P. Zhang, Z.J. Zhang, Z.F. Zhang, Acta Mater. 142, 226 (2018)
[35]	D. Tanguy, M. Razafindrazaka, D. Delafosse, Acta Mater. 56, 2441 (2008)
[36]	S.J. Noronha, D. Farkas, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 365, 156 (2004)
[37]	X. Li, W. Li, D.L. Irving, L.K. Varga, L. Vitos, S. Schönecker, Acta Mater. 189, 174 (2020)
[38]	P. Kwasniak, E. Clouet, Acta Mater. 180, 42 (2019)
[39]	W. Jiang, X. Gao, Y. Cao, Y. Liu, Q. Mao, L. Gu, Y. Zhao, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 837, 142735 (2022)
[40]	A.A. Salem, S.R. Kalidindi, R.D. Doherty, Acta Mater. 51, 4225 (2003)
[41]	X.G. Deng, S.X. Hui, W.J. Ye, X.Y. Song, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 575, 15 (2013)
[42]	K. Yao, X. Min, S. Emura, F. Meng, X. Ji, K. Tsuchiya, J. Mater. Sci. 54, 11279 (2019)
[43]	V. Shterner, I.B. Timokhina, H. Beladi, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 669, 437 (2016)
[44]	K. Jeong, J.E. Jin, Y.S. Jung, S. Kang, Y.K. Lee, Acta Mater. 61, 3399 (2013)
[45]	O. Bouaziz, S. Allain, C. Scott, Scr. Mater. 58, 484 (2008)
[46]	M. Yang, L. Zhou, C. Wang, P. Jiang, F. Yuan, E. Ma, X. Wu, Scr. Mater. 172, 66 (2019)
[47]	S. Huang, Q. Zhao, Y. Zhao, C. Lin, C. Wu, W. Jia, C. Mao, V. Ji, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 79, 147 (2021)
[48]	S. Huang, Q. Zhao, C. Lin, C. Wu, Y. Zhao, W. Jia, C. Mao, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 809, 140958 (2021)
[49]	Y. Deng, C.C. Tasan, K.G. Pradeep, H. Springer, A. Kostka, D. Raabe, Acta Mater. 94, 124 (2015)
[50]	S.H. Joo, H. Kato, M.J. Jang, J. Moon, C.W. Tsai, J.W. Yeh, H.S. Kim, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 689, 122 (2017)
[51]	J.W. Xie, H.K. Dong, Y.X. Hao, Zh.D. Fan, Ch.A. Wang, Acta Metall. Sin. -Engl. Lett. 35, 1275 (2022)
[52]	J.W. Christian, S. Mahajan, Prog. Mater. Sci. 39, 1 (1995)