Effect of Ag Addition on Microstructure, Mechanical and Corrosion Properties of Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr Alloy for Orthopedic Application

doi:10.1007/s40195-022-01464-w

Abstract

Abstract:

The as-extruded Mg–3Nd–0.2Zn–0.4Zr–xAg (x = 0, 0.2, 0.5, 1 wt%) alloys were prepared for biomedical applications. Scanning electron microscope, electron backscattered diffraction, X-ray diffraction, tensile test machine, electrochemical workstation, and immersion experiments were used to study microstructures, mechanical properties, and corrosion behavior of the as-extruded alloys. The results indicate that the microstructures of all the as-extruded alloys are composed of coarse undynamic recrystallized grains, fine equiaxed recrystallized grains, and precipitated phases. Ag element plays a positive role in promoting dynamic recrystallization and grain refinement. And during the extrusion, all the four alloys generate a $\left\langle {10\overline{1}0} \right\rangle$//ED fiber texture. With the increase of Ag element, the volume fraction of Mg₁₂Nd phase increases and then decreases slightly. By increasing Ag addition, both yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the as-extruded alloys reduce first and then improve, and the elongation improves gradually from 9.4 to 12.7%. More importantly, the addition of Ag accelerates corrosion of the as-extruded alloys in simulated body fluid, and all the as-extruded alloys show uniform corrosion mode.

Key words: Magnesium alloy, Hot extrusion, Mechanical properties, Corrosion resistance

Yu-Jin Nie, Jian-Wei Dai, Xiao-Bo Zhang. Effect of Ag Addition on Microstructure, Mechanical and Corrosion Properties of Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr Alloy for Orthopedic Application[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2023, 36(2): 295-309.

Figures/Tables 15

Fig. 1 SEM images of the as-extruded Mg-3.0Nd-0.2Zn-0.4Zr-xAg alloys: a 0Ag, b 0.2Ag, c 0.5Ag, d 1Ag

Fig. 2 SEM images of the as-extruded Mg-3.0Nd-0.2Zn-0.4Zr-xAg alloys along with EDS maps showing the distribution of various elements: a 0Ag, b 0.2Ag, c 0.5Ag, d 1Ag

Fig. 3 XRD spectra of the as-extruded Mg-3Nd-0.2Zn-0.4Zr-xAg alloys

Fig. 4 IPF maps a-d and PF maps e-h of the as-extruded Mg-3Nd-0.2Zn-0.4Zr-xAg alloys: a, e 0Ag, b, f 0.2Ag, c, g 0.5Ag, d, h 1Ag

Fig. 5 GB maps a-d and KAM maps e-h of the as-extruded Mg-3Nd-0.2Zn-0.4Zr-xAg alloys: a, e 0Ag, b, f 0.2Ag, c, g 0.5Ag, d, h 1Ag

Table 1 Calculated ρGND and Fd of the as-extruded Mg-3Nd-0.2Zn-0.4Zr-xAg alloys

As-extruded alloys	ρ^GND (m⁻²)	F_d (N/m²)
0Ag	1.47 × 10¹⁶	1.26 × 10⁷
0.2Ag	1.29 × 10¹⁶	1.10 × 10⁷
0.5Ag	1.28 × 10¹⁶	1.10 × 10⁷
1Ag	1.14 × 10¹⁶	9.75 × 10⁶

Fig. 6 Grain size of the as-extruded Mg-3Nd-0.2Zn-0.4Zr-xAg alloys a 0Ag, b 0.2Ag, c 0.5Ag, d 1Ag

Fig. 7 Mechanical properties of the as-extruded Mg-3Nd-0.2Zn-0.4Zr-xAg alloys

Fig. 8 Fracture morphologies of the as-extruded Mg-3Nd-0.2Zn-0.4Zr-xAg alloys: a, b 0Ag, c, d 0.2Ag, e, f 0.5Ag, g, h 1Ag

Fig. 9 Electrochemical properties of the as-extruded Mg-3Nd-0.2Zn-0.4Zr-xAg alloys: a polarization curves and b Nyquist plots

Table 2 Fitting results of the polarization curves presented in Fig. 9a

As-extruded alloys	Corrosion potential (V) (vs. SCE)	Current density (A/cm²)
0Ag	− 1.58	2.86 × 10⁻⁵
0.2Ag	− 1.61	3.64 × 10⁻⁵
0.5Ag	− 1.57	4.06 × 10⁻⁵
1Ag	− 1.63	3.20 × 10⁻⁵

Fig. 10 Hydrogen evolution curves a and corrosion rates calculated by mass loss b of the as-extruded Mg-3Nd-0.2Zn-0.4Zr-xAg alloys in SBF for 120 h

Fig. 11 Corrosion morphologies of the as-extruded Mg-3.0Nd-0.2Zn-0.4Zr-xAg alloys: a 0Ag, b 0.2Ag, c 0.5Ag, d 1Ag

Table 3 Structural parameters of the as-extruded Mg-3Nd-0.2Zn-0.4Zr-xAg alloys, and the strengthening contributions from HAGBs, LAGBs and precipitations

As-extruded alloys	$\sigma_{0}$(MPa)	HAGBs strengthening		LAGBs strengthening		Orowan strengthening
As-extruded alloys	$\sigma_{0}$(MPa)	f (%)	σ_HAGB (MPa)	$\overline{\theta }_{{{\text{LAGB}}}}$(°)	σ_LAGB (MPa)	$\Delta \tau_{{{\text{Orowan}}}}$(MPa)
0Ag	92	67.3	~ 76	5.0	~ 125	~ 18
0.2Ag	92	74.4	~ 80	4.8	~ 119	~ 17
0.5Ag	92	81.2	~ 84	5.2	~ 101	~ 30
1Ag	92	68.2	~ 68	5.5	~ 145	~ 32

Fig. 12 UTS and corrosion rate of biomedical Mg alloys

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