Texture Evolution, Formability and Ridging Resistance of a Sn-bearing Ferritic Stainless Steel Under Different Hot Band Annealing Temperatures

doi:10.1007/s40195-019-00895-2

Abstract

Abstract:

The microstructure, texture evolution and spatial orientation distribution during cold rolling and the subsequent annealing as well as formability and ridging of a Sn-bearing ferritic stainless steel under different hot band annealing temperatures were investigated. The four hot bands with annealing temperatures of 900, 950, 1000 and 1050 °C were all cold-rolled to 80% reductions and then were annealed at the same temperature of 900 °C. The results show that optimizing hot band annealing process is beneficial to reduce the amount of {001} <110> grains and weaken the texture intensity, and thus, to reduce ridging and improve formability. In the present study, the final sheets with hot band annealing temperature of 900 °C possess small and inhomogeneous grains with a large amount of {001} <110> orientations, which deteriorates the formability and increases the ridging. In comparison, the final sheets with hot band annealing temperature of 950 °C are comprised of uniform and equiaxed <111>//ND (ND: normal direction) recrystallized grains with a high texture intensity favorable for the improvement in r value and surface quality. However, when hot band annealing temperature further increases to 1000 and 1050 °C, it shows a sharp decrease in r value and a remarkable increase in ridging as a result of a reduction in γ-fiber texture intensity and an increase in grain size in the final sheets. Suitable controlling and optimizing hot band annealing process is essential to improve the formability and reduce the ridging.

Key words: Ferritic stainless steel, Texture, Formability Ridging

Yang Bai, Tong He, Dan Guo, Xiu-Ting Liu, Fang-Yuan Shao, Yan-Dong Liu. Texture Evolution, Formability and Ridging Resistance of a Sn-bearing Ferritic Stainless Steel Under Different Hot Band Annealing Temperatures[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2019, 32(11): 1362-1372.

Figures/Tables 13

Table 1 Chemical compositions of Sn-bearing ferritic stainless steel (wt%)

C	S	N	Mn	P	Al	Cr	Nb	Ti	Sn	Fe
0.01	0.003	0.012	0.21	0.005	0.035	16.5	0.15	0.15	0.3	Bal.

Fig. 1 Microstructure of hot bands

Fig. 2 Microstructures of hot bands after annealing at different temperatures: a 900 °C; b 950 °C; c 1000 °C; d 1050 °C

Fig. 3 Microstructures of cold-rolled sheets with different hot band annealing temperatures: a 900 °C; b 950 °C; c 1000 °C; d 1050 °C

Fig. 4 Microstructure of final sheets with different hot band annealing temperatures: a 900 °C; b 950 °C; c 1000 °C; d 1050 °C

Fig. 5 Orientation distribution functions (ODFs) (φ2?=?45° sections) of center layer of hot bands (φ1, φ2, Φ: Euler angles)

Fig. 6 ODFs (φ2?=?45° sections) of center layer of hot bands annealing at different temperatures: a 900 °C; b 950 °C; c 1000 °C; d 1050 °C

Fig. 7 ODFs (φ2?=?45° sections) of center layer of cold-rolled sheets with different hot band annealing temperatures: a 900 °C; b 950 °C; c 1000 °C; d 1050 °C

Fig. 8 Crystal orientation maps of central region of cold-rolled sheets with different hot band annealing temperatures: a 900 °C; b 950 °C; c 1000 °C; d 1050 °C

Fig. 9 ODFs (φ2?=?45° sections) of center layer of final sheets with different hot band annealing temperatures: a 900 °C; b 950 °C; c 1000 °C; d 1050 °C

Fig. 10 Crystal orientation maps of central region of final sheets with different hot band annealing temperatures: a 900 °C; b 950 °C; c 1000 °C; d 1050 °C

Fig. 11 Formability of Sn-bearing ferritic stainless steel with different hot band annealing temperatures

Fig. 12 Surface roughness profiles of final sheets after tensile testing strained by 15%: a 900 °C; b 950 °C; c 1000 °C; d 1050 °C

References

[1]	H.X. Li, H. Yu, T. Zhou, B.L. Yin, S.J. Yin, Y.L. Zhang, Mater. Des. 84, 5(2015)
[2]	T. Kamimura, K. Kashima, K. Sugae, H. Miyuki, T. Kudo, Corros. Sci. 62, 9(2012)
[3]	X.J. Zhang, F. Gao, Z.Y. Liu, J. Iron Steel Res. Int. 23, 10(2016)
[4]	N.D. Nam, J.K. Min, Y.W. Jang, J.G. Kim, Corros. Sci. 52, 1(2010)
[5]	A. Pardo, M.C. Merino, M. Carboneras, F. Viejo, R. Arrabal, J. Munoz, Corros. Sci. 48, 5(2006)
[6]	H. Luo, C.F. Dong, K. Xiao, X.G. Li, RSC Adv. 6, 12(2016)
[7]	H. Luo, H.Z. Su, B.S. Li, G.B. Ying, Appl. Surf. Sci. 439, 1(2018)
[8]	J.I. Hamada, N. Ono, H. Inoue, ISIJ Int. 51, 10(2011)
[9]	J. Shu, H.Y. Bi, X. Li, Z. Xu, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 212, 1(2012)
[10]	H.T. Yan, H.Y. Bi, X. Li, Z. Xu, Mater. Charact. 60, 1(2009)
[11]	M.Y. Huh, O. Engler, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 308, 1-2 (2001)
[12]	X.G. Ma, J.W. Zhao, W. Du, X. Zhang, L.Z. Jiang, Z.Y. Jiang, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 685, 8 (2017)
[13]	J. Shu, H.Y. Bi, X. Li, Z. Xu, J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 23, 3(2014)
[14]	K.M. Lee, M.Y. Huh, S. Park, O. Engler, ISIJ Int. 52, 3(2012)
[15]	W. Du, L.Z. Jiang, Q.S. Sun, Z.Y. Liu, X. Zhang, J. Iron Steel Res. Int. 17, 7(2010)
[16]	I. Tikhovskiy, D. Raabe, F. Roters, Scr. Mater. 54, 8(2006)
[17]	X. Zhang, L.J. Fan, Y.L. Xu, J. Li, X.S. Xiao, L.Z. Jiang, Mater. Charact. 89, 5(2016)
[18]	M. Sánchez-Araiza, S. Godet, P.J. Jacques, J.J. Jonas, Acta Mater. 54, 11(2006)
[19]	K. Verbeken, L. Keatens, J.J. Jonas, Scr. Mater. 48, 10(2003)
[20]	H.T. Liu, Z.Y. Liu, Y.Q. Qiu, G.M. Cao, C.G. Li, G.D. Wang, Mater. Charact. 60, 1(2009)
[21]	O. Engler, Metall. Mater. Trans. A 30, 6 (1999)
[22]	Y.Y. Tse, G.L. Liu, B.J. Duggan, Scr. Mater. 42, 1(1999)
[23]	R. Sebald, G. Gottstein, Acta Mater. 50, 6(2002)
[24]	H.T. Yan, H.Y. Bi, X. Li, Z. Xu, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 209, 5(2009)
[25]	F. Gao, F.X. Yu, R.D.K. Misra, X.J. Zhang, S.M. Zhang, Z.Y. Liu, J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 24, 10(2015)
[26]	F. Gao, Z.Y. Liu, H.T. Liu, G.D. Wang, Acta Metall.Sin. (Engl. Lett.) 24, 5(2011)
[27]	C. Zhang, Z.Y. Liu, G.D. Wang, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 211, 6(2011)
[28]	P.D. Wu, H. Jin, Y. Shi, D.J. Lloyd, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 423, 1-2 (2006)
[29]	J. Mola, I. Jung, J. Park, D. Chae, B.C.De Cooman. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 43, 1 (2012)
[30]	P.D. Wu, D.J. Lloyd, Y. Huang, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 427, 1-2 (2006)
[31]	C. Zhang, L.W. Zhang, Z.Y. Liu, Acta Metall. Sin. (Engl. Lett.) 29, 6(2016)
[32]	C.S.C. Viana, A.L. Pinto, F.S. Candido, R.G. Mater. Sci. Technol. 22, 3(2006)
[33]	H.J. Shin, J.K. An, S.H. Park, D.N. Lee, Acta Mater. 51, 16(2003)