Joined AZ31B Magnesium Alloys with Ag Interlayer by Ultrasonic-Induced Transient Liquid Phase Bonding in Air

doi:10.1007/s40195-024-01702-3

Abstract

Abstract:

AZ31B magnesium alloys are commonly used in lightweight structures of automobile and aerospace industry. In this work, the ultrasonic-induced transient liquid phase bonding technique is deployed to joint AZ31B magnesium alloys at 490 °C with Ag interlayer in the atmosphere. The effect of ultrasonic vibration on microstructure and mechanical properties of welding seam is investigated. As vibration duration increases, the width of the welding seam increases firstly and then decreases. When the ultrasound vibration sustained for one second, the eutectic reaction occurred in the contacting interface between Ag interlayer and the base metal AZ31B, resulting in formation of liquid phase and metallurgical bonding. When the ultrasound vibration sustained for seven second, the width of the welding seam increased to a maximum of about 303.1 μm and the average shear bond strength of the welding joint attained the peak value of about 66.87 MPa. When the ultrasound vibration sustained over seven seconds, the liquid phase is gradually squeezed out and the width of the welding seam decreases. α-Mg and AgMg₃ can be observed in the welding seam. The analysis shows that α-Mg has a certain strengthening effect. The whole process of appearance, growth and integration of α-Mg is analyzed.

Key words: Ultrasonic bonding, Magnesium alloy, Silver, Microstructure, Intermetallic compound

Qian Wang, Peng Yu, Haoran Lin, Chongzhi Guo, Xiaoqiang Hu. Joined AZ31B Magnesium Alloys with Ag Interlayer by Ultrasonic-Induced Transient Liquid Phase Bonding in Air[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2024, 37(7): 1177-1185.

Figures/Tables 12

Table 1 Composition of base metal AZ31B (wt%)

Mg	Al	Zn	Mn	Si	Fe	Cu	Ca	Be
Bal.	3.19	0.81	0.334	0.02	0.005	0.05	0.04	0.1

Fig. 1 a Schematic diagram of welding process, b shear strength tests

Fig. 2 Using acoustic transient liquid phase welding process at 490 °C. Microstructure of weld obtained under pressure of 0.1 MPa and different ultrasonic vibration time: a 1 s, b 5 s, c 7 s, d 9 s, e 11 s and f 15 s

Fig. 3 Mg-Ag binary phase diagram

Fig. 4 a Morphology, b Mg mapping and c Ag mapping EDS diagram of weld obtained by ultrasonic vibration for 9 s

Table 2 EDS results of microstructure processed by the ultrasound vibration 9 s in Fig. 2

Point	Mg (at.%)	Ag (at.%)	Possible phase
1	98.7	1.3	Mg
2	53.6	46.4	AgMg₃ + (Mg)
3	60.1	39.9	AgMg₃ + (Mg)
4	57.5	42.5	AgMg₃ + (Mg)
5	88.3	11.7	Mg + (Ag)
6	92.2	7.8	Mg + (Ag)
7	93.5	6.5	Mg + (Ag)

Fig. 5 Microstructure of ultrasonic vibration for 7 s: a peak shape α-Mg phase profile, b petaloid α-Mg phase profile

Fig. 6 Different forms of mountain peaks α-Mg phase transition diagram of weld seam obtained by ultrasonic vibration for a, d 1 s, b, e 5 s, c, f 7 s

Fig. 7 Schematic diagram of the a proximity, b aggregation, c fusion and d diffusion process of bubbly black α-Mg phase in the weld

Fig. 8 a Shear strength test results of welded joints, b fracture morphology of the welded joint obtained by ultrasonic vibration for 7 s, c fracture XRD test results of welded joints obtained by ultrasonic vibration for 7 s, d fracture XRD test results of welded joints obtained by ultrasonic vibration for 15 s

Table 3 EDS point composition table of welded joint fracture by ultrasonic vibration for 7 s

Point	Mg (at.%)	Ag (at.%)	Possible phase
8	98.52	1.48	Mg
9	99.69	0.31	Mg
10	99.63	0.37	Mg
11	99.84	0.16	Mg

Fig. 9 Fracture morphology of the welded joint obtained by ultrasonic vibration for a 5 s, b 7 s, c 9 s, and d 15 s

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