Fabrication and Characterizations of Metallic Mg Containing PMMA-Based Partially Degradable Composite Bone Cements

doi:10.1007/s40195-018-0841-2

Abstract

Abstract:

Inadequate strength at the bone/cement interface is one of the main drawbacks of poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) bone cement in the current orthopedic surgeries. In the present work, a partially degradable PMMA/Mg composite bone cement (PMC) was developed for enhancing the bone/cement interfacial strength, which is proposed to be accomplished by increasing the osteo-conductivity of PMMA and enhancing the mechanical interlocking between bone tissue and the porous PMMA surface formed by the degradation of Mg on the surface of the cement. PMCs were prepared with various concentrations of Mg particles with different sizes and alloy compositions. The effects of Mg particle size, composition and content on the injectability, mechanical and degradation properties, and biocompatibility of PMCs were evaluated. The results show that these parameters affected the properties of the PMCs simultaneously. The good injectability and compressive strengths of PMMA were preserved, while the compatibility to osteoblasts was enhanced when adding Mg particles in a proper manner. The PMCs degraded at the surface with time and formed porous surface structures in the physiological environment, while maintaining the original compressive strengths. This preliminary study shows that the PMC is promising for minimally invasive orthopedic surgery; however, it still requires to be optimized and evaluated in the future.

Key words: Biomaterials, Composite, Magnesium, Poly(methylmethacrylate), Bone cement, Kyphoplasty

Xiao Lin, Adrian Chan, Xiao-Xiao Tan, Hui-Lin Yang, Lei Yang. Fabrication and Characterizations of Metallic Mg Containing PMMA-Based Partially Degradable Composite Bone Cements[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2019, 32(7): 808-816.

Figures/Tables 6

Fig. 1 SEM images of PMCs with various content of different Mg particles

Fig. 2 Injection ratios a compressive strengths, b of different PMCs. Data are shown in mean?±?standard deviation

Fig. 3 a pH variation of Hanks’ solution with cements, b percent weight change, c typical surface morphology d compressive strength of different PMCs after immersion. Data in a are shown in means, b and d are shown in mean?±?standard deviation

Fig. 4 a O.D. values of 96 wells with MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts when cultured with different extracts for one and 3 days. Data are shown in mean?±?standard deviation. One-way analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis. All the pairwise comparisons were made by the post hoc test of Turkey, and no significance was shown at the 0.05 level; b pH value of extracts before cell culture in the CCK-8 assay

Fig. 5 Morphologies of osteoblasts on the pristine PMMA bone cement and different PMCs after cultured for 1 day. The cells and Mg particles are marked with white and black arrowheads, respectively. Scale bar?=?100 μm

Fig. 6 Clinical requirements for bone cement and the corresponding designing strategies of PMMA/Mg composite bone cements

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