A New Understanding of Stress Corrosion Cracking Mechanism of X80 Pipeline Steel at Passive Potential in High-pH Solutions

doi:10.1007/s40195-015-0270-4

Abstract

Abstract:

Susceptibilities to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of X80 pipeline steel in relatively concentrated carbonate/bicarbonate solutions with different chloride ion concentrations or pH value at a passive potential of -200 mV vs SCE were investigated by slow strain rate tensile test. In order to explore the SCC mechanism and the evaluation criterion for the SCC susceptibility of the steel in passive state, electrochemical measurements were taken. Potentiodynamic polarization curves were obtained at different potential sweep rates, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements were taken after fast polarization to the passive potential. The effects of chloride ion and pH on SCC behaviors of X80 steel at the passive potential were also discussed. The results showed that the SCC mechanism of X80 pipeline steel was greatly influenced by the passive film formed in these solutions. The SCC behaviors followed the film suppressed anodic dissolution mechanism in these circumstances, because the filming process accounted for a considerable proportion of the overall electrode process. The criteria for evaluating the SCC susceptibility of the steel at passive potential were proposed and validated. Decreasing in the concentration of chloride ion or increasing in pH value resulted in the reduction in SCC susceptibility. The existence of chloride ion greatly lowered the passivation tendency and the film stability, while its concentration determined the dissolution rate of the steel matrix. Higher pH value was responsible for the stable and tenacious passive films and the high repassivation capability. It was also inclined to lower the anodic dissolution rate at crack tips by retarding the cathodic oxygen reduction.

Key words: Pipeline, steel, Stress, corrosion, cracking, (SCC), Passivation, Chloride, ion, pH, value

Lin Fan, Zhi-Yong Liu, Wei-Min Guo, Jian Hou, Cui-Wei Du, Xiao-Gang Li. A New Understanding of Stress Corrosion Cracking Mechanism of X80 Pipeline Steel at Passive Potential in High-pH Solutions[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2015, 28(7): 866-875.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig. 1 Stress-strain curves of X80 pipeline steel in air and in 0.05 mol/L Na2CO3 + 0.10 mol/L NaHCO3 solutions with different concentrations of chloride ion at -200 mV versus SCE

Fig. 2 Measured and calculated data of reduction-in-area loss and fracture strength loss in the solutions with different chloride ion concentrations

Fig. 3 Morphologies of fracture surfaces a, c and lateral surfaces b, d in 0.05 mol/L Na2CO3 + 0.10 mol/L NaHCO3 solutions without chloride ion a, b, with 0.10 mol/L chloride ion c, d

Fig. 4 Stress-strain curves of X80 pipeline steel in air and in 0.15 mol/L Na2CO3/NaHCO3 + 0.10 mol/L NaCl solutions with different pH at -200 mV versus SCE

Fig. 5 Measured and calculated data of reduction-in-area loss and fracture strength loss in the solutions with different pH

Fig. 6 Morphologies of fracture surfaces a, d and lateral surfaces b, c in 0.15 mol/L Na2CO3/NaHCO3 + 0.10 mol/L NaCl solutions with pH = 8.31 a-c, pH = 11.64 d

Fig. 7 Polarization curves of X80 steel at sweep rates of 1 mV/s a, c and 100 mV/s b, d in the solutions with different chloride ion concentrations a, b and pH c, d

Fig. 8 Relationship between \( i_{\text{f}} \cdot \frac{{i_{\text{f}} - i_{\text{s}} }}{{i_{\text{s}} }} \) and chloride ion concentration a and pH b

Fig. 9 EIS results of X80 steel in the solutions with different concentrations of chloride ion a and different pH b; inset is the magnification for pH = 8.31

Fig. 10 Equivalent circuits corresponding to the EIS results in the solutions with different chloride ion concentrations or with pH higher than 9.62 a and in the solutions with a pH value of 8.31 b

Table 1 Fitting data of R ct, R po, and R p

Fitting data (Ω cm²)	Chloride ion concentration (mol L^-1)				pH
Fitting data (Ω cm²)	0	0.01	0.05	0.10	8.31	9.62	10.64	11.55
R _ct	375	363.8	289.5	221.9	922.4	221.9	310.7	555.9
R _po	1997.9	1286	1124	940	-	940	4113	11,770
R _p	2372.9	1649.8	1413.5	1161.9	922.4	1161.9	4423.7	12,325.9

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