MODELLING OF MICROSTRUCTURE EVOLUTION AND PROPERTIES OF LOW-CARBON STEELS

Abstract

Abstract: The microstructure evolution has been investigated for hot rolling of advanced low carbon steels containing Nb, Ti, V and Cu. The critical processing step to develop the properties of hot rolled steels is cooling after rolling when the austenite-to-ferrite transformation as well as precipitation takes place thereby determining the final mi- crostructure. Thus, the modelling work emphasizes the kinetics of errite formation. Ferrite growth rates can adequately be described by taking into account a solute-drag- like effect of Mn and Nb. The emphasis of the model is to predict the phase transfor- mation kinetics for the industrial practice of accelerated cooling. The ferrite grain size is essentially determined at the early stages of transformation and can be correlated to the trunsformation start temperature. Pcarbides and nitrides of Nb, Ti and V is controlled by Ostwald ripening of these particles. The ageing behaviour can then be described based on the Shercliff-Ashby model for precipitation hardening. The situa- tion is more complex for Cu precipitation where the ageing response is also related to a sequence of different precipitation types.

Key words: low carbon steal, microstructure evolution, modelling, phase transformation

M. Militzer The Centre for Metallurgical Process Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4. MODELLING OF MICROSTRUCTURE EVOLUTION AND PROPERTIES OF LOW-CARBON STEELS[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2000, 13(2): 574-580.

References

1 P. Choquet, P. Fabregue, J. Giusti, B. Chamont, J.N. Pezant and F. Blanchet, in Mathematical Mod-elling of Hot Rolling of Steels, 1990, S. Yue, ed(The Metallurgical Society of CIM, Montreal, PQ)p.34.
2 J.J. Jonas and C.M. Sellars, Iron and Steelmaker, 19(1992)67.
3 P.D. Hodgson and R.K. Gibbs, ISIJ International, 32(1992)1329.
4 T. Senuma, M. Suehiro and H. Yada, ISIJ International, 32(1992)243.
5 O. Kwon, K.J. Lee, J.K. Lee, K.B. Kang, J.K. Kim, J.D. Lee and J. Kim, in HSLA Steels '95, 1995,G. Liu, H. Stuart, H. Zhang and C. Li, eds. (China Sci. and Technol. Press, Beijing, 1995), p.82.
6 D.Q. Jin, V.H. Hernandez-Avila, I.V. Samarasekera and J.K. Brimacombe, in Modelling of MetalRolling Processes(The Institute of Materials, London, 1996) p.36.
7 J. Andorfer, D. Auzinger, B. Buchmayr, W. Giselbrecht, G. Hribernig, G. Hubmer, A. Luger and A.Samoilov, in Thermec '97, 1997, T. Chandra and T. Sakai, eds. (TMS, Warrendale, PA)p. 2069.
8 W.P. Sun and E. B. Hawbolt, ISIJ International 37(1997)1000.
9 M. Militzer, A. Giumelli, E.B. Hawbolt and T.R. Meadowcroft, Metall. Mater. Trans. 27A(1996)3399.
10 M. Militzer, R. Pandi and E.B. Hawbolt, Metall. Mater. Trans. 27A(1996)1547.
11 M. Militzer, R. Pandi, E.B. Hawbolt and T.R. Meadowcroft, in Hot Workability of Steels and LightAlloys-Composites, H.J. McQueen, E.V. Konopleva and N. D. Ryan, eds. (The Metallurgical Societyof CIM, Montreal, 1996)p.373.
12 W.P. Sun, E.B. Hawbolt, T.R. Meadowcroft and J.J. Jonas, in HSLA Steels'95, G. Liu, H. Stuart, H.Zhang and C. Li, eds. (China Science and Technology Press, Beijing, 1995)p.169.
13 R. Pandi, M. Militzer, E.B. Hawbolt and T.R. Meadowcroft, in Phase Transformations During theThermal/Mechanical Processing of Steel, E.B. Hawbolt and S. Yue, eds. (The Metallurgical Society ofCIM, Montreal, 1995)p.459.
14 A. Giumelli, M. Militzer and E.B. Hawbolt, ISIJ International, 39(1999)271.
15 W.P. Sun, M. Militzer, R. Pandi and E.B. Hawbolt, in Accelerated Cooling/ Direct Quenching of Steels,1997, ed. R. Asfahani, ed. (ASM, Materials Park, OH)p.109.
16 M. Militzer, R. Pandi, E.B. Hawbolt and T.R. Meadowcroft, in Accelerated Cooling/ Direct Quenchingof Steels, R. Asfahani, ed. (ASM, Materials Park, OH, 1997)p.151.
17 H. Shirasawa, in High-Strength Sheet Steels for the Automotive Industry, R. Pradhan, ed. (Iron andSteel Society, Warrendale, PA, 1994)p.3.
18 W.P. Sun, M. Militzer, D.Q. Bai and J.J. Jonas, Acta Metall. Mater., 31(1993)3595.
19 I. Tamura, H. Sekine, T. Tanaka and C. Ouchi, Thermomechanical Processing of High Strength LowAlloy Steels(Butterworths, London, 1998).
20 A. Abdollah-Zadeh and D. Dunne, in HSLA Steels'95, G. Liu, H. Stuart, H. Zhang and C. Li, eds.(China Science and Technology Press, Beijing, 1995)p.157.
21 M. Militzer, W.P. Sun, E.B. Hawbolt and T.R. Meadowcroft, in IPMM '97: Australasia-Pacific Forumon Intelligent Processing & Manufacturing of Materials, Volume 2: Modelling, Processing and Man-ufacturing, T. Chandra, S.R. Leclair, J.A. Meech, B. V erna, M. Smith and B. Balachandran, eds.(Watson Ferguson & Co., Brisbane, Queensland, 1997)p.1227.
22 J. Agren, Scripta Metall, 20(1986)1507
23 M. Militzer, Solid-Solid Phase Transformations'99, in press.
24 M. Militzer, A. Deschamps, S. Dilney and D. Meade, in 41st Mechanical Working and Steel ProcessingConf. Proc., Vol. XXXVII(1999) ISS, Warrendale, PA, in press.
25 K.W. Andrews, J. Iron Steel Inst., 203(1965)721.
26 M. Militzer, W.P. Sun, W.J. Poole and P. Purtscher, in in Thermec '97, T. Chandra and T. Sakai, eds.(TMS, Warrendale, PA, '997)p.2093.
27 M. Militzer, D.Q. Jin and l.V. Samarasekera, in Advances in Industrial Materials, D.S. Wilkinson, W.J.Poole and A. Alpas, eds. (The Metallurgical Society of CIM, Montreal, PQ, 1998)p.63.
28 G.A. Duit, A. Hurkmans, J.J.F. Scheffer and T.M. Hoogendoorn, in Thermec '88, I. Tamura, ed. (ISIJ,Tokyo, 1988)p.114.
29 D. Dunne, in HSLA Steels'95, G. Liu, H. Stuart, H. Zhang and C. Li, eds. (China Science andTechnology Press, Beijing, 1995)p.90.
30 A. Deschamps, M. Militzer and W.J. Poole, in Advances in Industrial Materials, D S. Wilkinson, W.J.Poole and A. Alpas, eds. (The Metallurgical Society of CIM, Montreal, PQ, 1998)p.49.
31 A. Deschamps, S. Esmaeli, W.J. Poole and M. Militzer, J. de Physique, in press.
32 C. Yang, Y. Zhang, T. Liu, Z. Sun and Y. Wang, in HSLA Steels'95, G. Liu, H. Stuart, H. Zhang andC. Li, eds. (China Science and Technology Press, Beijing, 1995)p.403.
33 M. Militzer, W.J. Poole and W.P. Sun, Steel Research, 69(1998)279.
34 H.R. Shercliff and M.F. Ashbyt Acta Metall. Mater., 38(1990)1789.

[1]	B. M. Shi, Y. T. Pang, B. H. Shan, B. B. Wang, Y. Liu, P. Xue, J. F. Zhang, Y. N. Zan, Q. Z. Wang, B. L. Xiao, Z. Y. Ma. Microstructure Evolution and Fracture Behavior of (B₄C+Al₂O₃)/Al Friction Stir Welded Joints [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2025, 38(9): 1513-1526.
[2]	Zheng-Hong Liu, Ying Han, Jia-Peng Sun, Ming-Kun Jiang, Ying Song, Guo-Qing Zu, Xu Ran. A Novel Cu-Modified 20Cr Lean Duplex Stainless Steel with Exceptional Combination of Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Resistance [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2025, 38(8): 1361-1370.
[3]	Haijian Liu, Tianle Li, Xifeng Li, Huiping Wu, Zhiqiang Wang, Jun Chen. Strength Optimization of Diffusion-Bonded Ti₂AlNb Alloy by Post-Heat Treatment [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2025, 38(4): 614-626.
[4]	X. W. Shang, Z. G. Lu, R. P. Guo, L. Xu. Influence of Hot Isostatic Pressing Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti-6.5Al-3.5Mo-1.5Zr-0.3Si Alloy [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2025, 38(4): 627-641.
[5]	Qi-Mei Tian, Fu Xiao, Ya Yang, Yuan-Biao Tan, Song Xiang, Xuan-Ming Ji, Fei Zhao, Hui Yang. Achieving an Extraordinary Strength-Ductility Synchronization in TA15 Titanium Alloy via Tailoring a Tri-modal Microstructure [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2025, 38(12): 2228-2242.
[6]	Rashad A. Al-Hammadi, Rui Zhang, Chuanyong Cui, Xipeng Tao, Yizhou Zhou. Deformation Mechanism and Fracture Behavior of a Coarse-Grain Ni-Co-Based Superalloy During Superplasticity [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2025, 38(11): 2024-2034.
[7]	Jian Zang, Jianrong Liu, Qingjiang Wang, Haibing Tan, Bohua Zhang, Xiaolin Dong, Zibo Zhao. Microstructure and Texture Evolution of Ti65 Alloy during Thermomechanical Processing [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2025, 38(1): 107-120.
[8]	Long Liu, Zijian Zhou, Jie Yu, Xinguang Wang, Chuanyong Cui, Rui Zhang, Yizhou Zhou, Xiaofeng Sun. Hot Deformation Behavior and Workability of a New Ni-W-Cr Superalloy for Molten Salt Reactors [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2024, 37(8): 1453-1466.
[9]	Hong-Wei Zhang, Li-Wei Lan, Zhe-Yu Yang, Chang-Chun Li, Wen-Xian Wang. Microstructure Evolution and Nanomechanical Behavior of Micro-Area in Molten Pool of Selective Laser Melting (CoCrNi)₈₂Al₉Ti₉ High-Entropy Alloy [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2024, 37(6): 1019-1033.
[10]	Peng Chen, Wenhao Chen, Jiaxin Chen, Zhiyu Chen, Yang Tang, Ge Liu, Bensheng Huang, Zhiqing Zhang. Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welded Al-Cu-Li Alloy [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2024, 37(5): 855-871.
[11]	Hengrui Hu, Jiayu Qin, Yunpeng Zhu, Jinhui Wang, Xiaoqiang Li, Peipeng Jin. Hot Deformation Behavior and Microstructures Evolution of GNP-Reinforced Fine-Grained Mg Composites [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2024, 37(3): 407-424.
[12]	Dong-Dong Zuo, Jian Chang, Hai-Peng Wang. Phase Selection and Microstructure Evolution Dependance on Composition for Zr-Fe Eutectic Alloys [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2024, 37(10): 1689-1702.
[13]	Menghao Liu, Cuiwei Du, Yuewu Li, Xiaogang Li. A Novel Multiphase Stainless Steel with Ultra-Low Yield Ratio and High Ductility [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2024, 37(10): 1777-1784.
[14]	Junyi Ma, Lin Yu, Qing Yang, Jie Liu, Lei Yang. High-Superelasticity NiTi Shape Memory Alloy by Directed Energy Deposition-Arc and Solution Heat Treatment [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2024, 37(1): 132-144.
[15]	Liwei Lan, Wenxian Wang, Zeqin Cui, Xiaohu Hao. Unique Duplex Microstructure and Porosity Effect on Mechanical Properties of AlCoCrFeNi_2.1 Eutectic High-Entropy Alloys Processed by Selective Laser Melting [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2023, 36(9): 1465-1481.