Tailoring the Texture and Mechanical Anisotropy of Multi-cross Rolled Mg-Zn-Gd Alloy by Annealing

doi:10.1007/s40195-022-01472-w

Abstract

Abstract:

The unidirectional rolled Mg-Zn-Gd sheet usually exhibited non-basal texture with two peaks whose tilting angle were about 42° from normal direction to transverse direction (TD), which would cause the mechanical anisotropy. In this study, multi-cross rolling followed by annealing was used to tailor the texture and mechanical anisotropy for Mg-Zn-Gd alloy. With increasing annealing temperature, the rolled basal texture with two peaks gradually transformed into the circle texture with multi-peaks. In order to figure out different texture components evolution during annealing, the basal texture, R-texture and T-texture component were defined and studied. The results showed that the change of R-texture and T-texture component was asynchronous with increasing annealing temperature from 250 to 400 °C. The tilting angle of R-texture component increased slightly, while the tilting angle of T-texture component increased obviously, and this phenomenon was attributed to the preferential nucleation at grain nucleation stage rather than preferential grain growth. The yield strength along TD was more sensitive to annealing temperature compared with that along rolling direction (RD), resulting in different descending slopes and yield strength anisotropy with increasing annealing temperature. Annealing at 300 °C was the best annealing temperature due to low yield strength anisotropy, moderate strength and good elongation among these annealing temperatures. The Schmid factor for basal slip indicated that the activity of basal slip along RD increased slightly, while that along TD increased obviously with increasing annealing temperature from 250 to 400 °C, which should be caused by the asynchronous change of R-texture component and T-texture component, consequently resulting in the transformation from isotropic yield strength to anisotropic yield strength.

Key words: Mg-Zn-Gd alloy, Annealing, Texture, Yield strength, Electron back-scattering diffraction (EBSD)

Xihai Li, Hong Yan, Rongshi Chen. Tailoring the Texture and Mechanical Anisotropy of Multi-cross Rolled Mg-Zn-Gd Alloy by Annealing[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2023, 36(2): 251-265.

Figures/Tables 15

Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of a multi-cross rolling, b the microstructure, texture and tensile mechanical properties characterization of rolled and annealed sheet, c macroscopic morphology of rolled sheet

Fig. 2 Optical and SEM microstructures of the multi-cross rolled Mg-Zn-Gd alloy: a OM after 3 rolling passes, b OM, c, d SEM after 6 rolling passes

Fig. 3 EBSD and quasi-in situ EBSD IPF maps of multi-cross rolled Mg-Zn-Gd alloy annealed at a 250 °C, b 350 °C, c 400 °C for 30 min, and annealed at 300 °C for d 5 min, e 15 min, f 30 min, g 60 min

Fig. 4 Macro-texture of the multi-cross rolled and annealed Mg-Zn-Gd alloy measured by XRD: a multi-cross rolled, and annealed (0002) pole figures at b 250 °C, c 300 °C, d 350 °C, e 400 °C for 30 min, and at 300 °C for f 5 min, g 15 min, h 60 min

Fig. 5 Micro-texture of multi-cross rolled and annealed Mg-Zn-Gd alloy obtained from EBSD: a schematic diagram of basal texture component, R-texture component and T-texture component; and (0002) pole figures annealed at b 250 °C, c 350 °C, d 400 °C for 30 min, and at 300 °C for e 5 min, f 15 min, g 30 min, h 60 min

Fig. 6 EBSD IPF subset maps and corresponding (0002) pole figure maps of Mg-Zn-Gd alloy annealed at a-c 250 °C, d-f 350 °C and g-i 400 °C of a, d, g basal texture component, b, e, h R-texture component, and c, f, i T-texture component

Fig. 7 Statistics of different texture components for a area fraction, b grain number fraction, c average grain size, d angle as a function of annealing temperature

Fig. 8 Quasi-in situ EBSD IPF subset maps and corresponding (0002) pole figure maps of recrystallized grains in Mg-Zn-Gd alloy annealed at 300 °C for a-c 5 min, d-f 15 min, g-i 30 min and j-l 60 min of a, d, g, j basal texture component, b, e, h, k R-texture component, and c, f, i, l T-texture component

Fig. 9 Statistics of recrystallized grains in different texture components for a area fraction, b grain number, c grain number fraction, d average grain size, e angle as a function of annealing time

Fig. 10 Tensile mechanical properties of rolled and annealed Mg-Zn-Gd alloy at different temperatures for 30 min: a engineering stress-strain curves along RD, b engineering stress-strain curves along TD, c YSRD/YSTD, d yield strength, e ultimate tensile strength, f elongation to failure

Fig. 11 YSRD/YSTD of Mg-Zn-RE alloys with different chemical compositions and processing methods and parameters [13,18,47,48]

Table 1 Tensile properties of Mg-Zn-RE alloys with different chemical compositions and processing methods and parameters (YS, yield strength; UTS, ultimate tensile stress; El., elongation to failure)

Alloy	Method	Direction	YS (MPa)	UTS (MPa)	El. (%)	YS_RD/YS_TD
This study	Hot rolled	RD	226	281	6.0	1.04
This study	Hot rolled	TD	217	282	15.2
This study	Annealed at 250 °C	RD	170	250	22.0	0.97
This study	Annealed at 250 °C	TD	175	252	26.3
This study	Annealed at 300 °C	RD	155	243	29.0	1.05
This study	Annealed at 300 °C	TD	148	242	32.2
This study	Annealed at 350 °C	RD	140	231	22.8	1.14
This study	Annealed at 350 °C	TD	123	232	33.5
This study	Annealed at 400 °C	RD	120	225	25.3	1.29
This study	Annealed at 400 °C	TD	93	220	25.0	1.29
Mg-0.68Zn-0.78Ce-0.18Zr [13]	UR	RD	131	234	16.86	1.14
Mg-0.68Zn-0.78Ce-0.18Zr [13]	UR	TD	115	222	12.61	1.14
Mg-0.89Zn-0.69La-0.22Zr [13]	UR	RD	123	241	22.75	1.28
Mg-0.89Zn-0.69La-0.22Zr [13]	UR	TD	96	243	25.34	1.28
Mg-0.61Zn-0.58Nd-0.27Zr [13]	UR	RD	111	243	27.58	1.32
Mg-0.61Zn-0.58Nd-0.27Zr [13]	UR	TD	84	238	28.61	1.32
Mg-0.73Zn-0.73Gd-0.24Zr [13]	UR	RD	88	229	29.33	1.33
Mg-0.73Zn-0.73Gd-0.24Zr [13]	UR	TD	66	233	32.19	1.33
Mg-0.84Zn-0.59Ce-0.21La-0.057Nd-0.33Zr [13]	UR	RD	131	233	18.95	1.32
Mg-0.84Zn-0.59Ce-0.21La-0.057Nd-0.33Zr [13]	UR	TD	99	247	24.86	1.32
Mg-2.0Zn-0.3Gd [47]	UR	RD	155	245	40	1.72
Mg-2.0Zn-0.3Gd [47]	UR	TD	90	225	33	1.72
Mg-2.0Zn-0.8Gd [47]	UR	RD	182	255	33	1.42
Mg-2.0Zn-0.8Gd [47]	UR	TD	128	248	43	1.42
Mg-1.98Zn-1.93Gd [48]	CR	RD	92	258	24	1.05
Mg-1.98Zn-1.93Gd [48]	CR	TD	88	253	26	1.05
Mg-1.98Zn-1.93Gd [48]	CR + UR	RD	123	263	24	1.54
Mg-1.98Zn-1.93Gd [48]	CR + UR	TD	80	267	34	1.54
Mg-1.98Zn-1.93Gd [48]	UR	RD	112	260	27	1.37
Mg-1.98Zn-1.93Gd [48]	UR	TD	82	266	30	1.37
Mg-1.98Zn-1.93Gd [48]	UR + CR	RD	134	261	23	1.65
Mg-1.98Zn-1.93Gd [48]	UR + CR	TD	81	254	26	1.65
Mg-0.8Zn-0.3Gd-0.3Ca [18]	UR	RD	159	236	40	1.25
Mg-0.8Zn-0.3Gd-0.3Ca [18]	UR	TD	127	227	41	1.25

Fig. 12 Statistics of different texture components for a-c R-texture component, d-f T-texture component; a, d area fraction, b, e grain number fraction, c, f average grain size at 250 °C and 400 °C

Fig. 13 Schmid factor of basal slip for Mg-Zn-Gd alloy annealed at a-h 250 °C and i-p 400 °C along a-d, i-l RD and e-h, m-p TD for a, e, i, m full texture component, b, f, g, n basal texture component, c, g, k, o R-texture component, and d, h, l, p T-texture component

Table 2 Fraction of soft orientation (SF ≥ 0.4) grains for basal slip in different texture components

Annealing temperatures (°C)	Direction	Different texture components
Annealing temperatures (°C)	Direction	Basal texture	R-texture	T-texture
250	RD	0	49.58	7.44
250	TD	0	8.73	57.89
400	RD	0	57.93	10.71
400	TD	0	13.23	70.04

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