Corrosion Behavior of 316L Stainless Steels Exposed to Salt Lake Atmosphere of Western China for 8 years

doi:10.1007/s40195-020-01127-8

Abstract

Abstract:

The evolution of corrosion behavior of 316L stainless steels exposed to salt lake atmosphere for 8 years was investigated. The results showed that the stainless steel in salt lake atmosphere had a greater corrosion rate during the initial exposure time and relatively lower corrosion rate during the subsequent exposure time. Dust depositions accumulated on the downward surface caused severe local corrosion of stainless steel. As exposure time prolonged, the relative amount of Cr_oxide and Fe_oxide in the corrosion products gradually increased, which may directly affect the corrosion rate of stainless steels. Moreover, the maximum pit depth followed a power function with respect to exposure time.

Key words: Atmospheric corrosion, Salt lake atmosphere, Stainless steel, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)

Mingxiao Guo, Junrong Tang, Tianzhen Gu, Can Peng, Qiaoxia Li, Chen Pan, Zhenyao Wang. Corrosion Behavior of 316L Stainless Steels Exposed to Salt Lake Atmosphere of Western China for 8 years[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2021, 34(4): 555-564.

Figures/Tables 13

Table 1 Chemical compositions of the 316L stainless steel (wt%)

C	Si	Mo	S	P	Cr	Ni	Fe
0.03	1.00	2.5	-	-	17	12.3	Bal.

Table 2 Regional climatic factors of the exposure site

Region	Average wind velocity (m s^-1 year^-1)	Average temperature (°C year^-1)	Average sunshine duration (h year^-1)	Average precipitation (mm year^-1)	Average evaporation (mm year^-1)	Average humidity RH (%)
Geermu	3-4	4.2	3073.3	38.6	2306.8	34

Fig. 1 Corrosion rate of 316L stainless steel after different exposure time in salt lake atmosphere, from 2004 to 2012 at Geermu, China

Fig. 2 Evolution of the surface of 316L stainless steel exposed to the salt lake atmosphere as a function of exposure time

Fig. 3 Evolution of SEM micro-morphologies of corrosion products formed on 316L stainless steel as a function of exposure time: a 0.5 years, b 1 year, c 2 years, d 4 years, e 8 years

Table 3 Elements contents in the corrosion product (wt%) on 1 year stainless steel surface

Area	O	Na	Mg	Al	Si	S	Cl	K	Ca	Cr	Fe	Ni
In bright area	11.63	2.75	4.48	3.98	13.13	1.07	23.20	2.59	8.11	5.214	20.84	6.72
In dark area	4.61	3.16	2.56	4.14	10.56	1.58	14.49	1.47	3.22	10.07	34.66	9.17

Fig. 4 Element distribution of the cross-sectional morphology on the upward surface of 316L stainless steel after 8 years of exposure

Fig. 5 Evolution of SEM and white-light interference pictures of 316L stainless steel after removing corrosion products as a function of exposure time: a 0.5 years, b 1 year, c 2 years, d 4 years, e 8 years

Fig. 6 Maximum pit depth a and pit density b of the 316L stainless steel in salt lake atmosphere as a function of exposure time

Fig. 7 XPS spectra after 1080 s of sputtering observed for 316L stainless steel in salt lake atmosphere after 0.5 years, 2 years and 8 years exposure in Fe 2p3/2 a, Cr 2p3/2 b, O 1s c

Fig. 8 Evolution of the relative amounts of [hydroxide] and [oxide] of O, Cr and Fe in corrosion products formed on 316L stainless steel in salt lake atmosphere as a function of exposure time

Fig. 9 Electrochemical test results of 316L stainless steel as a function of exposure time in 0.1 mol L-1 Na2SO4 solution: a Nyquist diagrams, b Bode diagrams, c equivalent circuits, d reciprocal of Rct

Table 4 Fitting results of EIS parameters

Parameters	R_s (Ω cm²)	Q_r		R_r (Ω cm²)	Q_dl		R_ct (Ω cm²)
Parameters	R_s (Ω cm²)	y_r (Ω^-1 cm^-2 S^-ⁿ)	n_r	R_r (Ω cm²)	y_dl (Ω^-1 cm^-2 S^-ⁿ)	n_dl	R_ct (Ω cm²)
0 (year)	22.5	1.61×10^-5	1	14.03	3.64×10^-5	0.843	2.3×10⁵
0.5 (year)	25.9	4.05×10^-5	0.893	14.97	1.54×10^-5	0.784	4.14×10⁵
1 (year)	24.7	3.92×10^-5	0.819	16.2	1.35×10^-5	0.915	5.17×10⁶
2 (year)	29.7	1.54×10^-5	0.899	35.2	1.62×10^-5	0.881	7.71×10⁶
4 (year)	23.7	1.72×10^-5	0.828	69.3	2.79×10^-5	0.844	1.22×10⁷
8 (year)	28.7	1.74×10^-5	0.825	252	1.39×10^-5	0.87	2.36×10⁷

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