Effects of Alloy Elements on Oxidation Resistance and Stress-Rupture Property of P92 Steel

doi:10.1007/s40195-014-0172-x

Abstract

Abstract:

Effects of alloy elements Cr, W, Ce, and Si on oxidation behavior at 750 °C in air and stress-rupture properties of P92 steel have been investigated. The proper increase in elements Cr, W, and Ce improved to varying degrees both oxidation resistance by either facilitating more protective Cr₂O₃ or modifying surface morphologies and stress-rupture life largely attributed to the formation of fine Laves phase. The excessive addition of Si significantly improved oxidation resistance of P92 steel, but dramatically impaired the stress-rupture life due to the formation and coarsening of Laves phase. The results indicate that proper additions of Cr, W, and Ce are beneficial for the comprehensive property of P92 steel.

Key words: P92, Oxidation resistance, Stress-rupture property, Microstructure

Gang Liu, Yu-Lai Xu, Cai-Xiong Yang, Xue-Shan Xiao, Xi-Min Chen, Xiao-Ke Zhang, Xiang-Jun Meng. Effects of Alloy Elements on Oxidation Resistance and Stress-Rupture Property of P92 Steel[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2015, 28(2): 129-138.

Figures/Tables 12

Table 1 Chemical compositions (wt%) of the steels

Steel	C	N	Ce	Mn	Si	Cr	W	Mo	V	Nb	Ni	Ti	Fe
No. 1	0.095	0.054	-	0.42	0.26	8.73	1.83	0.51	0.21	0.06	0.30	0.01	Bal.
No. 2	0.103	0.049	-	0.42	0.28	9.38	1.97	0.48	0.21	0.06	0.29	0.01	Bal.
No. 3	0.093	0.054	0.02	0.42	0.26	8.72	1.83	0.51	0.19	0.06	0.30	0.01	Bal.
No. 4	0.093	0.052	0.02	0.41	0.78	8.71	1.83	0.50	0.21	0.06	0.30	0.01	Bal.

Fig.1 Oxidation kinetic curves of Nos. 1-4 steels at 750 °C for 700 h in air

Fig.2 The surface morphologies of oxide scales of No. 1 a, No. 2 b, No. 3 c, No. 4 d steels after oxidation at 750 °C for 700 h in air

Fig.3 The cross-section morphologies of No. 1 a, No. 2 b, No. 3 c, No. 4 d steels after oxidation at 750 °C for 700 h in air. The arrow in No. 1 shows the EDS line-scans direction. The areas spotted by laser beam in Raman analysis are marked by numbers

Table 2 Locations (cm-1) of Raman-active vibrational modes of oxides of iron and chromium

Species	Peak (cm^-1)
α-Fe₂O₃	226	245	296		411	495		612
α-Fe₂O₃	225	245	295		415	500		615
Fe₃O₄							550			670
Fe₃O₄			300	320	420		560			680
Cr₂O₃			303		351	397	530	550	609

Fig.4 Raman spectra of the cross-section of No. 1 and No. 2 specimens corresponding to the regions in Fig. 3 a, b after oxidation at 750 °C for 700 h in air

Fig.5 Raman spectra of the cross-section of No. 3 and No. 4 specimens corresponding to the regions in Fig. 3 c, d after oxidation at 750 °C for 700 h in air

Fig. 6 EDS line-scans of cross-section of No. 1 steel after oxidation at 750 °C for 700 h in air with the scanning direction showing in Fig. 3a. The numbers correspond with those numbers in Fig. 3a

Fig. 7 Micrographs of No. 1 steel after heat treatment at 1,060 °C × 20 min AC + 765 °C × 3 h AC: a SEM micrograph, b The SEM-EDS of particles in Fig. 7 a; c, d, e TEM micrographs with diffraction patterns of M23C6 and Nb(C/N) particles

Fig. 8 TEM micrographs of No. 4 steel with diffraction patterns of Laves after heat treatment at 1,060 °C × 20 min AC + 765 °C × 3 h AC followed by aging at 625 °C × 1,000 h AC

Table 3 Variations of the stress-rupture life, elongation (ε) and reduction in area (ψ) with the test carried out first at 625 °C/125 MPa for 2,900 h and then at 625 °C/140 MPa to rupture (The stress-rupture life is the total time consumed by both parts of test)

Steel	Stress-Rupture life (h)	ε (%)	ψ (%)
No. 1	3,742	24	82
No. 2	4,523	24	83
No. 3	4,285	23	83
No. 4	2,021	22	80

Fig. 9 TEM micrographs of No. 1 a, No. 2 b, No. 3 c, No. 4 d steels after stress-rupture tests carried out first at 625 °C/125 MPa for 2,900 h and at 625 °C/140 MPa afterward

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