Microstructure Selection in Ton Class Ingot of Al17Cr10Fe33Ni36Mo2Ti2 Eutectic High Entropy Alloy

doi:10.1007/s40195-024-01752-7

Abstract

Abstract:

The eutectic high entropy alloys have attracted extensive attention and are considered one of the most promising new metal materials. The microstructures of large eutectic high entropy alloy ingot with excellent casting performance have been rarely reported. In this study, we have prepared a ton class eutectic high entropy alloy ingot via vacuum induction melting for the first time. The evolution of microstructure and macro-segregation from the edge region to the core of the ingot were also revealed. It was found that there was no significant macro-segregation in ton class eutectic high entropy alloy ingot, and chemical elements were distributed uniformly. The coupled growth of the primary phases and eutectic colonies were homogeneously distributed in the ingot, and there is no traditional columnar grain region from the edge region of the ingot to the core. The tensile strength of the sample in the R/2 region of the ton class ingot with elongation greater than 10% is 892.3 MPa, showing an excellent comprehensive mechanical property. This study exhibits an important guidance for the industrial application of large eutectic high entropy alloy casting ingot.

Key words: Eutectic high entropy alloy, Ton class ingot, Segregation, Microstructure, Mechanical properties

Xinbo Shi, Yunji Qiu, Xiaoyu Bai, Yiming Chen, Yongqiang Wang, Tao Xu, Jincheng Wang, Junjie Li, Zhijun Wang. Microstructure Selection in Ton Class Ingot of Al₁₇Cr₁₀Fe₃₃Ni₃₆Mo₂Ti₂ Eutectic High Entropy Alloy[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2024, 37(12): 2008-2018.

Figures/Tables 12

Fig. 1 Schematic sampling positions of large Al17Cr10Fe33Ni36Mo2Ti2 ingot: a1 schematic the whole ingot; a2 schematic ingot longitudinal section sampling location; a3 schematic ingot cross section sampling position; b1 real ingot longitudinal section; b2 real ingot bottom

Table 1 Elements concentration (wt%) in different parts of the large alloy ingot

Position	Al	Cr	Fe	Ni	Mo	Ti
Nominal	8.76	9.93	36.26	40.36	3.11	1.58
Average	7.82	9.67	35.50	41.73	3.20	1.70
I	7.71	9.68	35.56	41.65	3.16	1.76
II	7.45	9.87	35.87	41.24	3.37	1.76
III	8.15	9.50	35.16	42.06	3.16	1.66
IV	7.62	9.68	35.66	41.86	3.16	1.66
V	8.15	9.59	35.26	41.86	3.16	1.66
1	7.88	9.73	35.66	41.50	3.15	1.70
2	8.07	9.55	35.33	41.86	3.15	1.65
3	7.94	9.65	35.41	41.74	3.20	1.67
4	7.73	9.75	35.61	41.58	3.25	1.71
5	7.90	9.61	35.35	41.86	3.18	1.71
6	7.87	9.56	35.34	41.97	3.19	1.69
7	7.81	9.66	35.44	41.82	3.20	1.70
8	7.78	9.67	35.46	41.78	3.22	1.71
9	7.71	9.76	35.65	41.56	3.25	1.70
10	7.82	9.63	35.48	41.83	3.17	1.68
11	7.79	9.65	35.42	41.78	3.22	1.76
12	7.69	9.72	35.63	41.66	3.21	1.71
13	7.67	9.79	35.73	41.47	3.25	1.72
14	7.70	9.64	35.53	41.89	3.17	1.70
15	7.87	9.63	35.52	41.72	3.19	1.69

Fig. 2 Changes of the elements concentration in different parts of large Al17Cr10Fe33Ni36Mo2Ti2 alloy ingot: a1 from the edge region to the central region Al, Cr, Fe, Mo; a2 from the edge region to the central region Ni, Fe; b1 from the top region to the bottom region Al, Cr, Fe, Mo; b2 from the top region to the bottom region Ni, Fe

Fig. 3 Microstructures from the edge to the central region at the positions in Fig. 1a3: a1-a2 images of the front side (longitudinal section of the ingot) of the sample; b1-b2 images of the top side of the sample; c1, c2 images of the right side of the sample

Fig. 4 EDS images of as-cast Al17Cr10Fe33Ni36Mo2Ti2 alloy at microscale

Fig. 5 Engineering tensile strain-stress curves under two different states at position III in Fig. 1 a3

Table 2 Elements segregation index ($\Delta C$) of large Al17Cr10Fe33Ni36Mo2Ti2 alloy ingot (%)

Position	Al	Cr	Fe	Ni	Mo	Ti
I	− 1.41	0.10	0.17	− 0.19	− 1.25	3.53
II	− 4.73	2.07	1.04	− 1.17	5.31	3.53
III	4.22	− 1.76	− 0.96	0.79	− 1.25	− 2.35
IV	− 2.56	0.10	0.45	0.31	− 1.25	− 2.35
V	4.22	− 0.83	− 0.68	0.31	− 1.25	− 2.35
1	0.77	0.62	0.45	− 0.55	− 1.56	0
2	3.20	− 1.24	− 0.48	0.31	− 1.56	− 2.94
3	1.53	− 0.21	− 0.25	0.02	0	− 1.76
4	− 1.15	0.83	0.31	− 0.36	1.56	0.59
5	1.02	− 0.62	− 0.42	0.31	− 0.63	0.59
6	0.64	− 1.14	− 0.45	0.58	− 0.31	− 0.59
7	− 0.13	− 0.10	− 0.17	0.22	0	0
8	− 0.51	0	− 0.11	0.12	0.63	0.59
9	− 1.41	0.93	0.42	− 0.41	1.56	0
10	0	− 0.41	− 0.06	0.24	− 0.94	− 1.18
11	− 0.38	− 0.21	− 0.23	0.12	0.63	3.53
12	− 1.66	0.52	0.37	− 0.17	0.31	0.59
13	− 1.92	1.24	0.65	− 0.62	1.56	1.18
14	− 1.53	-0.31	0.08	0.38	− 0.94	0
15	0.64	-0.41	0.06	− 0.02	− 0.31	− 0.59

Fig. 6 Changes of the elements segregation index ($\Delta C$) in different parts of large Al17Cr10Fe33Ni36Mo2Ti2 alloy ingot: a from the edge region to the central region; b from the top region to the bottom region

Fig. 7 Statistic of the microstructure from the edge region to the central region: a the sizes of the different phases and colonies; b volume fraction of each phase

Fig. 8 EBSD images of typical microstructure: a1 Phase map at large scale; a2 IPF image of FCC; a3 IPF image of B2; b1 phase map at magnified scale; b2 IPF image of FCC in b1; b3 IPF image of B2 in b1

Fig. 9 SEM images of a as-cast alloy, b solution heat treated alloy

Fig. 10 EBSD images of a as-cast alloy, b solution heat treated alloy and corresponding grain size frequency distribution of FCC and B2 phases

References 40

[1]	J.W. Yeh, S.K. Chen, S.J. Lin, J.Y. Gan, T.S. Chin, T.T. Shun, C.H. Tsau, S.Y. Chang, Adv. Eng. Mater. 6, 299 (2004)
[2]	B. Cantor, I.T.H. Chang, P. Knight, A.J.B. Vincent, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 375, 213 (2004)
[3]	Y. Lu, Y. Dong, S. Guo, L. Jiang, H. Kang, T. Wang, B. Wen, Z. Wang, J. Jie, Z. Cao, H. Ruan, T. Li, Sci. Rep. 4, 6200 (2014)
[4]	Q. Wu, F. He, J. Li, H.S. Kim, Z. Wang, J. Wang, Nat. Commun. 13, 4697 (2022)
[5]	H. Li, S. Zeng, Y. Zhou, H. Li, H. Zhang, H. Zhang, Z. Zhu, Acta Metall. Sin. -Engl. Lett. 35, 1583 (2024)
[6]	Z. Yang, X. Liu, J. Zhao, Q. Zeng, K. Xu, Y. Li, C. Wang, L. Wang, J. Li, J. Wang, H. Kim, Z. Wang, F. He, Int. J. Plast. 176, 103963 (2024)
[7]	H. Jiang, L. Li, J. Wang, C. Wei, Q. Zhang, C. Su, H. Sui, Acta Metall. Sin. -Engl. Lett. 36, 987 (2023)
[8]	B. Liu, H. Chen, J. Zhou, J. Wang, W. Wang, X. Chen, S. Xi, Tribol. Int. 191, 109065 (2024)
[9]	M. He, H. Kang, G. Hou, Z. Lian, S. Lu, Y. Li, W. Qin, X. Wu, Surf. Coat. Technol. 476, 130232 (2024)
[10]	J. Lu, Y. Chen, H. Zhang, N. Ni, L. Li, L. He, R. Mu, X. Zhao, F. Guo, Corros. Sci. 166, 108462 (2020)
[11]	J. Lu, H. Zhang, Y. Chen, L. Li, X. Liu, W. Xiao, N. Ni, X. Zhao, F. Guo, P. Xiao, Corros. Sci. 180, 109191 (2021)
[12]	J. Hu, C. Gu, J. Li, C. Li, J. Feng, Y. Jiang, Corros. Sci. 212, 110930 (2023)
[13]	L. Li, J. Lu, X. Liu, T. Dong, X. Zhao, F. Yang, F. Guo, Corros. Sci. 187, 109479 (2021)
[14]	X. Zhou, Q. Le, C. Hu, R. Guo, T. Wang, C. Liu, D. Li, X. Li, Acta Metall. Sin. -Engl. Lett. 35, 1301 (2022)
[15]	K. Patel, V. Hasannaeimi, M. Sadeghilaridjani, S. Muskeri, C. Mahajan, S. Mukherjee,Entropy 25, 296 (2023)
[16]	F. He, Z. Wang, Y. Li, Q. Wu, J. Li, J. Wang, C. Liu, Sci. Rep. 6, 34628 (2016)
[17]	Q. Wu, Z. Wang, X. Hu, T. Zheng, Z. Yang, F. He, J. Li, J. Wang, Acta Mater. 182, 278 (2020)
[18]	J. Zheng, M. Wang, W. Jiao, L. Zou, Y. Di, Acta Metall. Sin. -Engl. Lett. 36, 1493 (2023)
[19]	Y. Jia, Z. Wang, Q. Wu, Y. Wei, X. Bai, L. Liu, J. Wang, X. Liu, L. Wang, F. He, J. Li, J. Wang, Acta Mater. 262, 119427 (2024)
[20]	L. Liu, Z. Wang, Q. Wu, Y. Jia, Q. Xu, F. He, J. Li, J. Wang, Scr. Mater. 232, 115502 (2023)
[21]	Y. Dong, X. Gao, Y. Lu, T. Wang, T. Li, Mater. Lett. 169, 62 (2016)
[22]	X. Jin, J. Bi, L. Zhang, Y. Zhou, X. Du, Y. Liang, B. Li, J. Alloys Compd. 770, 655 (2019)
[23]	J. Wang, Q. Wu, Y. Li, Z. Wang, J. Li, J. Wang, J. Alloys Compd. 916, 165382 (2022)
[24]	J. Wang, Z. Wang, Q. Wu, Y. Huang, J. Li, F. He, L. Wang, J. Wang, Mater. Lett. 352, 135182 (2023)
[25]	Y. Yan, W. Song, K. Li, K. Zhao, T. Sun, K. Song, J. Gong, L. Hu, Acta Metall. Sin. -Engl. Lett. 35, 1591 (2022)
[26]	B. Guo, Y. Zhang, Z. Yang, D. Cui, F. He, J. Li, Z. Wang, X. Lin, J. Wang, Addit. Manuf. 55, 102792 (2022)
[27]	X. Ye, Z. Diao, H. Lei, L. Wang, Z. Li, B. Li, J. Feng, J. Chen, X. Liu, D. Fang, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 889, 145815 (2024)
[28]	J. Li, J. Zhou, Y. Liu, K. Wei, J. Liu, Y. Xi, Z. Li, T. Liu, W. Jiang, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 890, 145921 (2024)
[29]	X. Liu, J. Wang, X. Shi, Y. Jia, L. Liu, J. Li, F. He, Z. Wang, J. Wang, J. Alloys Compd. 963, 171164 (2023)
[30]	T. Han, J. Chen, Z. Wei, N. Qu, Y. Liu, D. Yang, S. Zhao, Z. Lai, M. Jiang, J. Zhu, J. Mater. Res. Technol. 25, 4063 (2023)
[31]	D. Fang, X. Wu, W. Xu, L. Yu, M. Liu, A. Zhang, B. Li, X. Ye, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 870, 144919 (2023)
[32]	Y. Chen, S. Zhu, X. Wang, B. Yang, G. Han, L. Qiu,Vacuum 150, 84 (2018)
[33]	F. Kong, X. Xu, Y. Chen, D. Zhang, Mater. Des. 33, 485 (2012)
[34]	D. Zhang, B. Li, Y. Zhao, J. Zhang, D. Zhang, C. Che, L. Cheng, Y. Zhang, T. Xu, Mater. Charact. 193, 112336 (2022)
[35]	L. Nastac, ISIJ Int. 50, 1829 (2010)
[36]	Q. You, H. Yuan, X. You, J. Li, L. Zhao, S. Shi, Y. Tan,Vacuum 145, 116 (2017)
[37]	R. Jiang, A. Li, X. Hai, R. Li, H. Zhou, Z. Xie, Mater. Today Commun. 37, 107297 (2023)
[38]	X. Chen, J. Qi, Y. Sui, Y. He, F. Wei, Q. Meng, Z. Sun, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 681, 25 (2017)
[39]	L. Zhang, X. Li, R. Li, R. Jiang, L. Zhang, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 763, 138154 (2019)
[40]	X. Huang, Y. Dong, S. Lu, C. Li, Z. Zhang, Acta Metall. Sin. -Engl. Lett. 34, 1079 (2021)

Microstructure Selection in Ton Class Ingot of Al₁₇Cr₁₀Fe₃₃Ni₃₆Mo₂Ti₂ Eutectic High Entropy Alloy

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 12

References 40

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	Shang Zhao, Zhaolin Wang, Mingliang Wang, Zeyu Ding, Yiping Lu. A critical review of advances and application prospects of soft magnetic high entropy alloys [J]. Metals Advances, 2026, 40(2): 1-7.
[2]	Wei-Peng Chen, Jia-Qi Pei, Hua Hou, Yu-Hong Zhao. Phase-field simulation of α-Mg dendrite growth in magnesium alloys: A review [J]. Metals Advances, 2026, 40(2): 48-61.
[3]	Peng Han, Wen Wang, Jun Cai, Jia Lin, Hubin Yang, Qianzhi Ma, Feng Gao, Ke Qiao, Fengming Qiang, Kuaishe Wang. Excellent superplasticity for lamellar microstructure in nugget of a double-sided friction stir welded Ti-4.5Al-3V-2Mo-2Fe alloy joint [J]. Metals Advances, 2026, 40(2): 110-123.
[4]	Lei Qin, Shengfeng Zhou, Jianbo Jin, Huan Yang, Kunmao Li, Cheng Deng, Yujie Yuan, Seyed Reza Elmi Hosseini, Lai-Chang Zhang. Effect of molybdenum content on the microstructure and tribological properties of Ti-Nb-Cu alloys produced by LPBF additive manufacturing [J]. Metals Advances, 2026, 39(1): 13-25.
[5]	X.L. Wang, J.Y. Li, Q.S. Mei. Recent progress in Zn matrix composites for biomedical applications [J]. Metals Advances, 2026, 39(1): 26-37.
[6]	Kunmao Li, Shengfeng Zhou, Jing Liu, Feng Yang, Chengliang Yang. A review on the biomedical Ti-Cu alloys: Design, preparation, microstructure and properties [J]. Metals Advances, 2026, 39(1): 47-67.
[7]	Yuanyuan Feng, Jianchao Pang, Xiaoyuan Teng, Chenglu Zou, Jingjing Liang, Yuping Zhu, Shouxin Li, Jinguo Li, Zhefeng Zhang. Quasi-in-situ EBSD Study on the Microstructure and Tensile Properties of Selective Laser Melted Inconel 718 Alloy Processed by Different Heat Treatments [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2025, 38(9): 1499-1512.
[8]	B. M. Shi, Y. T. Pang, B. H. Shan, B. B. Wang, Y. Liu, P. Xue, J. F. Zhang, Y. N. Zan, Q. Z. Wang, B. L. Xiao, Z. Y. Ma. Microstructure Evolution and Fracture Behavior of (B₄C+Al₂O₃)/Al Friction Stir Welded Joints [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2025, 38(9): 1513-1526.
[9]	H. Q. Dai, N. Li, L. H. Wu, J. Wang, P. Xue, F. C. Liu, D. R. Ni, B. L. Xiao, Z. Y. Ma. Low-Temperature Superplastic Deformation Behavior of Bimodal Microstructure of Friction Stir Processed Ti-6Al-4V Alloy [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2025, 38(9): 1559-1569.
[10]	Shuyi Ren, Jiao Li, Kai Wu, Xiaoge Li, Yaqiang Wang, Jinyu Zhang, Gang Liu, Jun Sun. Thermal Stability and Mechanical Properties of Nanotwinned Ni-W Alloyed Films [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2025, 38(9): 1570-1582.
[11]	Tongzhao Gong, Shuting Cao, Weiye Hao, Weiqi Fan, Yun Chen, Xing-Qiu Chen, Dianzhong Li. Modelling Microsegregation of Binary Alloy During Solidification [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2025, 38(9): 1628-1636.
[12]	F. S. Li, L. H. Wu, Y. Kan, H. B. Zhao, D. R. Ni, P. Xue, B. L. Xiao, Z. Y. Ma. Microstructure Evolution and Fracture Mechanisms in Electron Beam Welded Joint of Ti-6Al-4V ELI Alloy Ultra-thick Plates [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2025, 38(8): 1317-1330.
[13]	Haoyu Cheng, Chenyang Hou, Jianlei Zhang, Xiaodong Mao, Yuanxiang Zhang, Yanyun Zhao, Chulun Shen, Changjiang Song. An Innovative Large-Scale Preparation Method for ODS Steel: Zone Melting with Built-In Precursor Powder [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2025, 38(8): 1397-1409.
[14]	Haoran Pang, Liwei Lu, Gongji Yang, Xiaojun Wang, Wen Wang, Hua Zhang, Yujuan Wu. Amelioration of Mechanical Properties of Rolled Mg-4.5Al-2.5Zn Alloy by Cryogenic Cycling Treatment [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2025, 38(8): 1436-1452.
[15]	Qi Zhou, Yufeng Xia, Yu Duan, Baihao Zhang, Yuqiu Ye, Peitao Guo, Lu Li. Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Yb-Containing AZ80 Cast Alloys [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2025, 38(7): 1095-1108.