Fig. 1 Macrographs of GK140 alloys rolled at a 450 °C, b 475 °C, c 500 °C

Fig. 2 Microstructures of GK140: a, b optical and SEM microstructure images of GK140 in the cast state; c, d optical and SEM microstructures of GK140 in the solution state; e EDS results of point A in b

Fig. 3 Invers pole figure maps and boundary maps of a, b R1, c, d R2, e, f R3

Fig. 4 a KAM map of R1; b microbands in R1; c, d KAM maps of R2 and R3 samples

Fig. 5 a KAM map of R1; b microbands in R1; c, d KAM maps of R2 and R3 samples

Fig. 6 Optical microstructures of a-c R1-450 °C, R2-450 °C and R3-450 °C; d-f R1-475 °C, R2-475 °C and R3-475 °C; g-i R1-500 °C, R2-500 °C and R3-500 °C

Fig. 7 a-c Inverse pole figure maps of R1-500 °C, R2-500 °C and R3-500 °C; d-f KAM maps of R1-500 °C, R2-500 °C and R3-500 °C. Figures inserted in a-c are boundary maps with dashed rectangles

Fig. 8 Backscattered electron images of a, d R1, b, e R2, c, f R3

Fig. 9 IPF figures of parent grain and twin and its corresponding (10-12) pole figures selected from a R1, b R2, c R3

Fig. 10 IGMA distributions of a R1, b R2, c R3

Fig. 11 (0001), (10-10) pole figures and IGMA distributions of G1, G2 and G3

Fig. 12 a High angle annular dark field image of grain boundaries in R2; b, c EDS maps corresponding to a; d high angle annular dark field image of grain boundaries in R3; e, f EDS maps corresponding to d

Fig. 13 Average KAM as a function of the X value

Fig. 14 a-c (0001) pole figures of R1, R2 and R3; d-f (0001) pole figures of R1-500 °C, R2-500 °C and R3-500 °C

Fig. 15 (0001) pole figure of deformed grains in a R1, d R2 and g R3; (0001) pole figure of dynamic recrystaillized grains in b R1, e R2 and h R3; the basal pole titled angle statistical distribution of deformed and recrystallized grains in c R1, f R2 and i R3