Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti-Ta Composites Prepared Through Cold Spray Additive Manufacturing

doi:10.1007/s40195-022-01387-6

Abstract

Abstract:

In this study, an innovative approach was used to fabricate Ti-Ta composite biomaterials through cold spray additive manufacturing followed by a diffusion treatment. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the composites were investigated in detail using field emission scanning electron microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction, 3D X-ray computed tomography, tensile test, nanohardness test and resonance vibration test. The obtained results indicated that the prepared composites have inhomogeneity in their microstructure and composition. A unique microstructure, composed of Ti-rich, Ta-rich and diffusion regions, was evolved in the composites due to incomplete diffusion between Ti and Ta splats. Further, Kirkendall pores were formed in the composites due to uneven diffusion of the two phases (of Ti and Ta) during high-temperature heat treatment. The prepared composites simultaneously showed low elastic modulus and high tensile strength which is required for a good biomaterial. Low elastic modulus was associated with the residual pores and the alloying effect of Ta in Ti, while high tensile strength was related to the solid solution strengthening effects. The obtained results indicated that the prepared Ti-Ta composites have a great potential to become a new candidate for biomedical applications.

Key words: Ti-Ta composites, Cold spray additive manufacturing (CSAM), Biomaterials, Mechanical properties, X-ray computed tomography (XCT)

Junrong Tang, Naeem ul Haq Tariq, Zhipo Zhao, Mingxiao Guo, Hanhui Liu, Yupeng Ren, Xinyu Cui, Yanfang Shen, Jiqiang Wang, Tianying Xiong. Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti-Ta Composites Prepared Through Cold Spray Additive Manufacturing[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2022, 35(9): 1465-1476.

Figures/Tables 12

Fig. 1 Schematic diagram showing whole experimental procedures for Ti-Ta composites

Fig. 2 Characterization of as-received feedstock powders: SEM morphology (a, d), particle-size distribution (b, e), XRD pattern (c, f)

Fig. 3 XRD patterns of Ti-20Ta (a), Ti-50Ta (b) composites

Fig. 4 Cross-sectional SEM images of as-sprayed Ti-20Ta (a), Ti-50Ta (b) composites along with corresponding EDS spectrum

Fig. 5 Cross-sectional SEM images of Ti-20Ta (a-d), Ti-50Ta (e-h) composites heat-treated at different temperatures for 2 h

Fig. 6 EBSD IPF (left column), KAM (middle column) and phase distribution (right column) maps for Ti-20Ta composites heat treated at different temperatures for 2 h

Fig. 7 Ultimate tensile strength of Ti-Ta composites as a function of heat treatment temperature

Fig. 8 SEM images of the fractured surface of tensile test specimens at different magnifications: as-sprayed Ti-20Ta (a, b), Ti-20Ta heat treated at 1000 °C (c, d), Ti-50Ta heat treated at 1000 °C (e, f)

Fig. 9 Dynamic Young's modulus of Ti-Ta composites as a function of heat treatment temperature

Fig. 10 Elastic modulus values in different regions of Ti-20Ta composite

Fig. 11 XCT results of band contrast image and corresponding 3D reconstruction of pores for Ti-20Ta (a) and Ti-50Ta (b) composites after 1000 °C diffusion treatment for 72 h

Table 1 Comparison of mechanical properties of some metallic implants along with the prepared Ti-Ta composites

Materials	Elastic modulus (GPa)	Tensile strength (MPa)	Strength/modulus ratio	References
CP Ti	103	250-550	2.43-5.34	[26]
Ti6Al4V	120	900	7.5	[57]
CoCrMo	220	735	3.34	[57]
316L SS	210	600	2.86	[57]
Ti-20Ta	83.13	742	8.93	Present work
Ti-50Ta	85.53	604	7.06	Present work
Bone	10-30	70-150	-	[57]

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