Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Graphene Reinforced K418 Superalloy by Selective Laser Melting

doi:10.1007/s40195-022-01421-7

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to obtain the superalloy with excellent properties, graphene reinforced K418 nickel base superalloy (GNPs/K418 composite) was prepared by selective laser melting technique in this study. Through systematically comparing and analyzing the microstructure and mechanical property of K418 superalloy and GNPs/K418 composite, it is found that the percentage of small-diameter grain (≤ 15 μm) increased from 84% to 90%, and the max strength of grain orientation (<001>) reduce from 5.76 to 4.17 due to the addition of GNPs. And GNPs can also improve the height and the full width at the half peak of the strong diffraction peak of GNPs/K418 composite. Besides, GNPs/K418 composite is a kind of sandwiched structure, which is consist of GNPs, carbides, and K418 matrix. Therefore, the hardness of the GNPs/K418 composite is 4.1% and 6.9% higher than that of the K418 matrix in the transverse and vertical direction, respectively. The room temperature tensile strength of the GNPs/K418 composite is 9% higher than that of the K418 matrix. And the 600 °C and 900 °C tensile strengths of the GNPs/K418 composite are 7.6% and 10.4% higher than that of the K418 matrix, respectively. It is inferred that the effect of graphene on K418 matrix strengthening is mainly fine grain strengthening and Orowan strengthening. However, the elongation rate of the composite material is reduced, which is attributed to crack sprouting at the interface between the matrix and GNPs under high stress.

Key words: Graphene, K418 nickel base superalloy, Selective laser melting, Tensile properties

Yongxin Lu, Fan Luo, Zhen Chen, Jian Cao, Kai Song, Lei Zhao, Xueli Xu, Hongduo Wang, Wenya Li. Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Graphene Reinforced K418 Superalloy by Selective Laser Melting[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2022, 35(9): 1477-1493.

Figures/Tables 24

Fig. 1 Powder morphologies of GNPs a and K418 superalloy b

Table 1 K418 powder chemical composition (wt%)

C	Al	Cr	Mo	Ti	B	Nb	Fe	Ni
0.08-0.16	5.5-6.4	11-13.5	3.8-4.8	0.5-1	0.008-0.02	1.8-2.8	≤ 1.0	Bal.

Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of the GNPs/k418 composite powder preparation process

Fig. 3 GNPs/K418 composite powder a and partial enlarged diagram b

Fig. 4 SLM forming sample diagram a and dimensions of the tensile specimens b

Fig. 5 Transverse sectional morphologies of K418 superalloy a, c and GNPs/K418 composite b, d

Fig. 6 SEM image a and EDS b analysis results of GNPs in GNPs/K418 composite

Fig. 7 Vertical sectional morphologies of K418 superalloy a, c and GNPs/K418 composite b, d

Fig. 8 Grain orientation of K418 superalloy a and GNPs/K418 composite b

Fig. 9 Polar diagrams a, c and reverse polar diagram b, d of K418 superalloy and GNPs/K418 composite

Fig. 10 Grain boundary distribution of K418 superalloy a and GNPs/K418 composite b; grain size statistics of K418 superalloy and GNPs/K418 composite c; grain boundary size statistics of K418 superalloy and GNPs/K418 composite d

Fig. 11 Schmid factor distribution of K418 superalloy a and GNPs/K418 composite b, and Schmid factor statistics c

Fig. 12 XRD of K418 superalloy and GNPs/K418 composite

Fig. 13 Element mapping of grain and grain boundary

Table 2 Elemental equilibrium partition coefficient of K418 superalloy

	C	Mo	Nb	Cr	Ti	Ni	Al	Fe
${k}_{i}$	0.27	0.82	0.46	0.96	0.55	1.03	0.99	1.02

Fig.14 Elemental concentration in the liquid phase during GNPs/K418 composite solidification: a C, Ti, and Nb; b Mo, Cr, Al, Ni, and Fe

Fig. 15 TEM micrographs at the grain and grain boundary a microstructure morphology of GNPs/K418 composite, b selected are a diffraction pattern of position 1, c selected area diffraction pattern of position 2

Fig. 16 TEM images of 0.1 wt% GNPs reinforced K418 superalloy a high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) image, b the yellow dashed box in Fig. 15a and selected corresponding inverse FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) of position 1 c, position 2 d, position 3 e, position 4 f, position 5 g, and position 6 h

Fig. 17 Microhardness of K418 superalloy and GNPs/K418 composite

Table 3 Tensile properties of K418 superalloy and GNPs/K418 composite

Material	Temperature (°C)	Tensile strength (MPa)	Yield strength (MPa)	Elongation (%)
Cast K418	25	629	349	8.0
K418	25 600 900	1005 ± 15 1005 ± 13 364 ± 57	760 ± 49 873 ± 43 /	10.4 ± 2.2 8.0 ± 1.1 3.2 ± 0.4
GNPs/K418	25 600 900	1096 ± 33 1081 ± 51 402 ± 16	880 ± 12 928 ± 68 /	9.6 ± 1.8 7.4 ± 2.1 2.4 ± 0.4

Fig. 18 Comparison of fracture morphologies of K418 superalloy a, b, c and GNPs/K418 composite d, e, f at 25 ℃

Fig. 19 Comparison of fracture morphologies of K418 superalloy a, b, c and GNPs/K418 composite d, e, f at 600 ℃

Fig. 20 Comparison of fracture morphologies of K418 superalloy a, b, c and GNPs/K418 composite d, e, f at 900 ℃

Fig. 21 Schematic diagram of strengthening of K418 superalloy a and GNPs/K418 composite b

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