Effect of Metal Cations on Corrosion Behavior and Surface Structure of Carbon Steel in Chloride Ion Atmosphere

doi:10.1007/s40195-020-01032-0

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to better understand why the corrosion behavior of carbon steel exposed in Nansha atmospheric environment is very serious, the effect of sodium, potassium and magnesium chlorides deposited on carbon steel surface has been studied under atmosphere conditions by wet/dry accelerated test. The difference of corrosion behavior and surface structure in Na⁺, K⁺, and Mg²⁺ containing atmosphere has been investigated by thickness loss, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and electrochemical techniques. The results indicate that the thickness loss of carbon steel exposed in different metal cations containing atmospheric environment increases in the order of Na⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺. The hard metal cation can promote the dissolution of the steel to a certain extent. In Mg²⁺ containing atmosphere, the relative content of β-FeOOH is rather higher and the protective ability index α*/γ* decreases in the order of Na⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺. The corrosion current density of both bare carbon steel and the rusted carbon steel increases in the order of Na⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺. The polarization resistance and the charge transfer resistance decreases in the order of Na⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺.

Key words: Metal cation, Carbon steel, Chloride, Atmospheric corrosion

Yu-Wei Liu, Jian Zhang, Xiao Lu, Miao-Ran Liu, Zhen-Yao Wang. Effect of Metal Cations on Corrosion Behavior and Surface Structure of Carbon Steel in Chloride Ion Atmosphere[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2020, 33(9): 1302-1310.

Figures/Tables 11

Table 1 Main element composition of the seawater (g/L, pH 6.6)

Cl^-	SO₄^2-	K⁺	Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺
20	2.18	5	10	0.3	1

Fig. 1 Thickness loss of carbon steel exposed to different metal cations containing atmosphere after 240 h

Fig. 2 Changes in average thickness loss of carbon steel as a function of the hardness of the added metal cations

Fig. 3 Macro-morphologies of corrosion products formed on carbon steel exposed to different metal cations containing atmosphere after 240 h

Fig. 4 SEM images of the carbon steel surface after removal of the corrosion products in different metal cations containing atmosphere after 240 h for a, b NaCl; c, d KCl; e, f MgCl2

Fig. 5 Three-dimensional roughness of the carbon steel surface after removal of the corrosion products exposed to Na+ a, K+ b, Mg2+ c containing atmosphere

Fig. 6 Composition of corrosion products formed on carbon steel exposed to different metal cations

Fig. 7 Potentiodynamic polarization curves of carbon steel in electrolyte with various metal cations for a bare steel; b rusted steel

Fig. 8 Nyquist and Bode plots of bare and rusted carbon steel exposed to different metal cations for a, b bare steel; c, d rusted steel

Fig. 9 Equivalent circuits used to fit the experimental EIS data for a rusted carbon steel in Na+ and K+ containing atmosphere and bare carbon steel; b rusted carbon steel exposed in Mg2+ containing atmosphere

Table 2 EIS fitting parameters for bare and rusted carbon steel in different metal cations

	Na⁺-0 h	K⁺-0 h	Mg²⁺-0 h	Na⁺-240 h	K⁺-240 h	Mg²⁺-240 h
R_s (Ω cm²)	4.37	4.35	3.43	6.83	9.87	16.47
Q_r (F cm^-2)	-	-	-	-	-	1.81E-3
n_r	-	-	-	-	-	0.45
R_r (Ω cm²)	-	-	-	-	-	19.08
Q_dl (F cm^-2)	1.09E-3	9.04E-4	1.53E-3	3.14E-2	3.26E-2	4.85E-2
n_dl	0.80	0.81	0.67	0.52	0.52	0.48
R_t (Ω cm²)	1645	1368	633.5	2210	989.3	392.8
∑χ² (× 10^-4)	2.39	3.58	4.55	1.38	1.96	0.18

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