Corrosion Behavior of 304 Stainless Steel Exposed to a Simulated Salt Lake Atmosphere

doi:10.1007/s40195-020-01028-w

Abstract

Abstract:

The corrosion behavior of stainless steel exposed to a simulated salt lake atmosphere has been investigated by analyzing the evolution of surface morphologies and corrosion products, the initiation and development of pits, and the electrochemical characteristics. The results indicated that (Mg₆Fe₂(OH)₁₆(CO₃)(H₂O)_4.5)_0.25, a layered double hydroxide, has been detected for the first time in the corrosion products formed on stainless steel exposed to a simulated salt lake atmosphere. The specimens exposed to MgCl₂ deposit conditions were corroded more severely than those exposed to NaCl deposit conditions, which was attributed to the differences in the deliquescence relative humidity and efflorescence relative humidity values of MgCl₂ and NaCl. In addition, a special corrosion morphology consisting of a concentric circle of yellowish material was observed on the specimens exposed to MgCl₂ deposit conditions, which was attributed to the formation of Mg(OH)₂, inhibiting the diffusion and migration of OH ^- ions to the anode region. The maximum pit depth followed a power function with respect to corrosion time. The corrosion mechanism of stainless steel exposed to a simulated salt lake atmosphere is also discussed.

Key words: Atmospheric corrosion, Stainless steel, Salt lake atmosphere, Pitting corrosion

Mingxiao Guo, Qi Yin, Miaoran Liu, Chen Pan, Zhenyao Wang. Corrosion Behavior of 304 Stainless Steel Exposed to a Simulated Salt Lake Atmosphere[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2020, 33(6): 857-870.

Figures/Tables 15

Table 1 Regional climatic factors of sites around the salt lake atmosphere

Region	Wind velocity (m s^-1)	Temperature (°C)	Sunshine duration (h year^-1)	Precipitation (mm year^-1)	Evaporation (mm year^-1)	RH (%)
Mangya	4	1.4	3289.7	45.2	2930.8	31
Lenghu	3-4	2.3	3550.5	16.5	3364.5	29
Chaehan	4	5.1	3158.9	24.9	3610.8	29
Geerum	3-4	4.2	3073.3	38.6	2306.8	34
Dachaidan	2	1.1	3240.4	82.8	2031.8	35

Table 2 Chemical compositions of the 304 stainless steel (wt%)

C	Si	Mn	S	P	Cr	Ni	Fe
0.06	0.68	1.22	0.030	0.019	18.59	8.52	Bal.

Fig.1 Macro-morphologies of 304 stainless steel as a function of corrosion time: a-f under MgCl2 deposit condition, 10-60 days; a1-f1 under NaCl deposit condition, 10-60 days

Fig.2 Macro-morphologies of 304 stainless steel after removing corrosion products as a function of corrosion time: a-f under MgCl2 deposit condition, 10-60 days; a1-f1 under NaCl deposit condition, 10-60 days

Fig.3 Micro-morphologies of 304 stainless steel under MgCl2 deposit condition for a 10 days, b 20 days, c 30 days, d 40 days, e 50 days, f 60 days

Fig.4 XRD spectra of the corrosion products formed on 304 stainless steel under MgCl2 deposit condition

Fig.5 XPS spectra increase in the sputtering time to 135 s observed for 304 stainless steel under MgCl2 deposit condition for 60 days of corrosion in Fe 2p3/2a, Mg 1sb, C 1sc, O 1sd, Cr 2p3/2e, Ni 2p3/2f

Fig.6 Electrochemical test results of 304 stainless steel under MgCl2 deposit condition as a function of corrosion time: a Nyquist diagrams, b Bode diagrams, c equivalent circuit, d reciprocal of Rct

Table 3 Fitting results of EIS parameters

Parameters	R_s (Ω cm²)	Q_r		R_r (Ω cm²)	Q_dl		R_ct (Ω cm²)
Parameters	R_s (Ω cm²)	y_r (Ω^-1 cm^-2 S^-ⁿ)	n_r	R_r (Ω cm²)	y_dl (Ω^-1 cm^-2 S^-ⁿ)	n_dl	R_ct (Ω cm²)
10(d)	11.72	3.022 × 10^-5	0.8959	3.793 × 10⁵	2.866 × 10^-5	1	7.192 × 10⁵
20(d)	10.51	3.456 × 10^-5	0.9049	34.93	1.549 × 10^-5	0.892	1.41 × 10⁵
30(d)	13.02	3.087 × 10^-5	0.8678	44.82	2.307 × 10^-5	0.7398	1.779 × 10⁵
40(d)	11.9	1.95 × 10^-5	0.9049	45.84	1.337 × 10^-5	0.8592	5.745 × 10⁵
50(d)	11.03	1.326 × 10^-5	0.9651	32.19	1.1654 × 10^-5	0.9171	7.645 × 10⁵
60(d)	13.05	1.363 × 10^-5	0.9286	77.74	1.063 × 10^-5	0.927	8.109 × 10⁵

Fig.7 Equilibrium concentration of chloride solution of MgCl2 and NaCl balanced with different RH of gas phase [25, 36]

Fig.8 Morphologies of 304 stainless steel after 2 days of corrosion: a MgCl2 deposit condition, b typical pits under MgCl2 deposit condition, c NaCl deposit condition

Fig.9 Corrosion morphology a and distributions of Cl b, Mg c, O d in corrosion products formed on 304 stainless steel under MgCl2 deposit condition after 2 days of corrosion

Fig.10 Evolution of the 3D micro-morphologies for the naked white pits after removing the products of 304 stainless steel under MgCl2 deposit condition for a 10 days, b 20 days, c 30 days, d 40 days, e 50 days, f 60 days

Fig.11 Schematic of pitting corrosion mechanism of 304 stainless steel under MgCl2 deposit condition

Fig.12 Maximum pits depth of the 304 stainless steel under MgCl2 deposit condition as a function of corrosion time

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