Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters) ›› 2015, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (4): 477-486.DOI: 10.1007/s40195-015-0222-z
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Zheng-Bing Wang1, Hong-Xiang Hu1, Chun-Bo Liu2, Huai-Ning Chen3, Yu-Gui Zheng1(
)
Received:2014-08-14
Revised:2014-09-30
Online:2015-01-28
Published:2015-07-23
Zheng-Bing Wang, Hong-Xiang Hu, Chun-Bo Liu, Huai-Ning Chen, Yu-Gui Zheng. Corrosion Behaviors of Pure Titanium and Its Weldment in Simulated Desulfurized Flue Gas Condensates in Thermal Power Plant Chimney[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2015, 28(4): 477-486.
| C | Fe | H | N | O | Ti |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.08 | 0.20 | 0.015 | 0.03 | 0.18 | Bal. |
Table 1 Nominal chemical composition (wt%) of as-received grade 2 titanium plate used for TIG welding
| C | Fe | H | N | O | Ti |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.08 | 0.20 | 0.015 | 0.03 | 0.18 | Bal. |
| Process | Current (A) | Pulse frequency (Hz) | Filler rod diameter (mm) | Welding speed (mm min-1) | Torch gas flow (L min-1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | 70/10 | 5 | 1 | 150 | 12 |
| B | 75/10 | 5 | 1.2 | 150 | 12 |
| C | 75/10 | Unpulsed | 1.2 | 150 | 12 |
Table 2 Detail process parameters of Dc pulse TIG welding
| Process | Current (A) | Pulse frequency (Hz) | Filler rod diameter (mm) | Welding speed (mm min-1) | Torch gas flow (L min-1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | 70/10 | 5 | 1 | 150 | 12 |
| B | 75/10 | 5 | 1.2 | 150 | 12 |
| C | 75/10 | Unpulsed | 1.2 | 150 | 12 |
| Symbol | Sample |
|---|---|
| BM | Base metal |
| A(B,C)-FZ-f | FZ sample with shielding gas welded with Parameter A(B,C) |
| A(B,C)-FZ-b | FZ sample without shielding gas welded with Parameter A(B,C) |
| A(B,C)-HAZ-f | HAZ sample with shielding gas welded with Parameter A(B,C) |
| A(B,C)-HAZ-b | HAZ sample without shielding gas welded with Parameter A(B,C) |
Table 3 Explanation of the symbol used in electrochemical tests
| Symbol | Sample |
|---|---|
| BM | Base metal |
| A(B,C)-FZ-f | FZ sample with shielding gas welded with Parameter A(B,C) |
| A(B,C)-FZ-b | FZ sample without shielding gas welded with Parameter A(B,C) |
| A(B,C)-HAZ-f | HAZ sample with shielding gas welded with Parameter A(B,C) |
| A(B,C)-HAZ-b | HAZ sample without shielding gas welded with Parameter A(B,C) |
| H2SO4 | HCl | HNO3 | H3PO4 | HF | H2O |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2.03 | 0.031 | 0.03 | 0.012 | 0.0092 | Bal. |
Table 4 Chemical composition (wt%) of the simulated desulfurized flue gas condensates
| H2SO4 | HCl | HNO3 | H3PO4 | HF | H2O |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2.03 | 0.031 | 0.03 | 0.012 | 0.0092 | Bal. |
Fig. 1 Optical microstructure of the base metal of grade 2 titanium
Fig. 2 Low magnification optical microstructures of TIG welded pure titanium: a Parameter A; b Parameter B; c Parameter C
Fig. 3 a-c optical microstructures of FZ samples welded with Parameter A, B and C, respectively; d-e optical microstructures of HAZ samples welded with Parameter A, B and C, respectively
Fig. 4 Potentiodynamic polarization curves of BM, FZ and HAZ samples in naturally aerated simulated desulfurized flue gas condensates: a Parameter A, b Parameter B, c Parameter C
| Sample | E corr (mV) | I corr (μA cm-2) |
|---|---|---|
| A-FZ-f | -667 ± 16 | 9.0 ± 0.8 |
| A-FZ-b | -677 ± 26 | 9.6 ± 0.6 |
| A-HAZ-f | -672 ± 9 | 10.7 ± 1.2 |
| A-HAZ-b | -673 ± 11 | 10.8 ± 1.1 |
| B-FZ-f | -667 ± 21 | 11.8 ± 2.3 |
| B-FZ-b | -673 ± 20 | 8.8 ± 0.4 |
| B-HAZ-f | -649 ± 8 | 10.2 ± 0.9 |
| B-HAZ-b | -667 ± 15 | 9.1 ± 0.2 |
| B-FZ-f | -689 ± 34 | 10.3 ± 1.6 |
| B-FZ-b | -672 ± 17 | 11.4 ± 1.6 |
| B-HAZ-f | -683 ± 40 | 9.4 ± 1.7 |
| B-HAZ-b | -689 ± 43 | 10.9 ± 2.9 |
| BM | -669 ± 2 | 9.9 ± 0.5 |
Table 5 Electrochemical parameters obtained from the polarization curves
| Sample | E corr (mV) | I corr (μA cm-2) |
|---|---|---|
| A-FZ-f | -667 ± 16 | 9.0 ± 0.8 |
| A-FZ-b | -677 ± 26 | 9.6 ± 0.6 |
| A-HAZ-f | -672 ± 9 | 10.7 ± 1.2 |
| A-HAZ-b | -673 ± 11 | 10.8 ± 1.1 |
| B-FZ-f | -667 ± 21 | 11.8 ± 2.3 |
| B-FZ-b | -673 ± 20 | 8.8 ± 0.4 |
| B-HAZ-f | -649 ± 8 | 10.2 ± 0.9 |
| B-HAZ-b | -667 ± 15 | 9.1 ± 0.2 |
| B-FZ-f | -689 ± 34 | 10.3 ± 1.6 |
| B-FZ-b | -672 ± 17 | 11.4 ± 1.6 |
| B-HAZ-f | -683 ± 40 | 9.4 ± 1.7 |
| B-HAZ-b | -689 ± 43 | 10.9 ± 2.9 |
| BM | -669 ± 2 | 9.9 ± 0.5 |
Fig. 5 Nyquist plots of BM, FZ and HAZ samples in naturally aerated simulated desulfurized flue gas condensates: a Parameter A, b Parameter B, c Parameter C
| Sample | R s (Ω cm2) | C dl (μF cm-2) | n | R ct (Ω cm2) | C f (μF cm-2) | n | R f (Ω cm2) | χ 2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BM | 2.952 | 551.1 | 0.93 | 492.1 | 24,320 | 0.97 | 1,099 | 1 × 10-4 |
| A-FZ-f | 2.732 | 821.8 | 0.89 | 475.5 | 29,420 | 1 | 891.2 | 4 × 10-4 |
| A-FZ-b | 2.697 | 615.5 | 0.92 | 495.4 | 24,020 | 0.96 | 865.6 | 2 × 10-4 |
| A-HAZ-f | 2.849 | 568.5 | 0.92 | 480.1 | 24,070 | 1 | 1,108 | 3 × 10-3 |
| A-HAZ-b | 2.764 | 562.1 | 0.93 | 497.4 | 21,930 | 0.99 | 965.3 | 2 × 10-4 |
| B-FZ-f | 2.575 | 637.1 | 0.91 | 525.3 | 31,580 | 0.98 | 1,021 | 5 × 10-4 |
| B-FZ-b | 3.171 | 604.1 | 0.92 | 506.7 | 20,560 | 0.99 | 1,207 | 5 × 10-4 |
| B-HAZ-f | 2.170 | 595.7 | 0.93 | 597.7 | 28,580 | 1 | 1,081 | 4 × 10-4 |
| B-HAZ-b | 2.271 | 661.7 | 0.91 | 643.4 | 29,030 | 0.96 | 1,208 | 4 × 10-4 |
| C-FZ-f | 1.762 | 397.0 | 0.91 | 514.5 | 22,550 | 1 | 1,105 | 9 × 10-4 |
| C-FZ-b | 2.093 | 416.1 | 0.92 | 505.5 | 27,810 | 0.98 | 993.6 | 9 × 10-4 |
| C-HAZ-f | 1.944 | 328.2 | 0.91 | 553.5 | 18,810 | 1 | 1,392 | 1 × 10-3 |
| C-HAZ-b | 2.297 | 345.3 | 0.89 | 592.3 | 32,360 | 0.97 | 931.3 | 3 × 10-4 |
Table 6 Parameters of the equivalent circuit obtained by fitting the experimental results of EIS
| Sample | R s (Ω cm2) | C dl (μF cm-2) | n | R ct (Ω cm2) | C f (μF cm-2) | n | R f (Ω cm2) | χ 2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BM | 2.952 | 551.1 | 0.93 | 492.1 | 24,320 | 0.97 | 1,099 | 1 × 10-4 |
| A-FZ-f | 2.732 | 821.8 | 0.89 | 475.5 | 29,420 | 1 | 891.2 | 4 × 10-4 |
| A-FZ-b | 2.697 | 615.5 | 0.92 | 495.4 | 24,020 | 0.96 | 865.6 | 2 × 10-4 |
| A-HAZ-f | 2.849 | 568.5 | 0.92 | 480.1 | 24,070 | 1 | 1,108 | 3 × 10-3 |
| A-HAZ-b | 2.764 | 562.1 | 0.93 | 497.4 | 21,930 | 0.99 | 965.3 | 2 × 10-4 |
| B-FZ-f | 2.575 | 637.1 | 0.91 | 525.3 | 31,580 | 0.98 | 1,021 | 5 × 10-4 |
| B-FZ-b | 3.171 | 604.1 | 0.92 | 506.7 | 20,560 | 0.99 | 1,207 | 5 × 10-4 |
| B-HAZ-f | 2.170 | 595.7 | 0.93 | 597.7 | 28,580 | 1 | 1,081 | 4 × 10-4 |
| B-HAZ-b | 2.271 | 661.7 | 0.91 | 643.4 | 29,030 | 0.96 | 1,208 | 4 × 10-4 |
| C-FZ-f | 1.762 | 397.0 | 0.91 | 514.5 | 22,550 | 1 | 1,105 | 9 × 10-4 |
| C-FZ-b | 2.093 | 416.1 | 0.92 | 505.5 | 27,810 | 0.98 | 993.6 | 9 × 10-4 |
| C-HAZ-f | 1.944 | 328.2 | 0.91 | 553.5 | 18,810 | 1 | 1,392 | 1 × 10-3 |
| C-HAZ-b | 2.297 | 345.3 | 0.89 | 592.3 | 32,360 | 0.97 | 931.3 | 3 × 10-4 |
Fig. 6 Polarization resistance calculated using Eq. (2) based on the data in Table 6
Fig. 7 Corrosion morphology of BM and weldment with different parameters after immersion for 24 h in the simulated condensates: a pure titanium; b Parameter A; c Parameter B; d Parameter C
Fig. 8 Potentiodynamic polarization curves of the polished HAZ samples (as-polished samples) and the unpolished samples after welding (as-welded samples): a Parameter A, b Parameter B, c Parameter C
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