Fig. 1 Morphology and chemical compositions of the phases in the extruded alloys a and c E1-NC; b and d E1-AC; e and g E2-NC; and f and h E2-AC

Fig. 2 XRD patterns of the extruded alloys: a Mg98.7Zn1Y0.3 alloy, b Mg98Zn1Y1 alloy

Fig. 3 Bright field TEM images and EDS results of the nano-phases in extruded E1-AC alloy: a the morphology and distribution of the nano-phases; b magnification of the nano-phase; c-h the EDS results of the nano-phases

Fig. 4 TEM images of the LPSO phases of a-c E2-NC, d-f E2-AC alloys

Fig. 5 a and d IPF maps, b and e grain boundary maps, and c and f misorientation angle distribution maps of a-c E1-NC, d-f E1-AC alloys

Fig. 6 a, c, g, i IPF maps, b, d, h, j KAM maps, and e, f, k, l pole figures of the unDRX and DRX regions of a-f E1-NC, g-l E1-AC alloys

Fig. 7 TEM analysis of the E1-AC alloy: a and b TEM images showing ultra-fine DRXed grains; c bright field image near trigeminal grain boundaries; d bright field image of dislocation; e dark field image of the dislocations in c; f diffraction patterns of the dislocations in c

Fig. 8 TEM images of lamellar LPSO phases and stacking faults of E2-AC alloy: a bright field image; b diffraction pattern of LPSO phase in a; c, e dark field images of stacking faults of E2-AC alloy; and d, f diffraction patterns of stacking faults in c and d, respectively

Fig. 9 TEM images of the DRXed grains near the LPSO phases in E2-NC and E2-AC alloys: a, b E2-NC alloy and c-f E2-NC alloy

Fig. 10 EBSD analysis of a-c E2-NC and d-f E2-AC alloys: a, d IPF maps; b, e DRX distribution maps; c, f (0001) pole figures

Fig. 11 a and c Grain boundary maps and b and d misorientation angle distribution maps of a-c E2-NC, b-f E2-AC alloys

Fig. 12 Engineering stress-strain curves of as-extruded alloys with or without AC: a E1 alloys, b E2 alloys