Fig. 1 Microstructures of the pure Mg powder and GNPs: a SEM image of pure Mg powder, b TEM image of GNPs (inset: the XRD pattern of GNPs), c SEM image of GNPs/Mg composite powder (inset: the XRD pattern of GNPs/Mg composite powder)

Fig. 2 EBSD and TEM maps of the extruded GNPs/Mg composites: a band contrast map (inset: grain size distribution map), b TEM image, c inverse pole figures

Fig.3 True stress-strain curves of composites compressed at different temperatures: a 0.001 s-1, b 0.01 s-1, c 0.1 s-1, d 1 s-1

Fig. 4 True stress-strain and corresponding strain hardening rate curves: a 423 K, 0.001 s-1, b 423 K, 1 s-1

Fig. 5 Linear relationship fitting curves based on the power law: a ln$\dot{\varepsilon }$ versus lnσs, b lnσs versus 1000/T, c lnZ versus lnσs, d comparison of predicted and measured steady-state flow stresses

Fig. 6 Linear relationship fitting based on the exponent law: a ln$\dot{\varepsilon }$versus σs, b σs versus 1000/T, c lnZ versus σs, d comparison of calculated and measured steady-state flow stresses

Fig. 7 Linear relationship fitting based on the hyperbolic sine law: a ln$\dot{\varepsilon }$versus ln(sinh(ασs)), b ln(sinh(ασs)) versus 1000/T, c lnZ versus ln(sinh(ασs)), d comparison of calculated and measured steady-state flow stresses

Fig. 8 Variation of a n, b Q and c lnA with true strain

Fig. 9 Comparison between the predicted and experimental flow stress curves at strain rates of: a 0.001 s-1, b 0.01 s-1, c 0.1 s-1, d 1 s-1

Fig. 10 Deform-3D simulation of the strain distribution of the composite compressed at 200 °C, 1 s-1

Fig. 11 Microstructures and grain size distribution of GNPs/Mg composites compressed at different strain rates and temperatures a-h and the grain size evolution as the function with Z parameter i

Fig. 12 Local misorientation of compressed GNPs/Mg composites at different strains and temperatures a-g, and the GND evolution as the function with Z parameter h, the i, j, k is high magnification of a, d, g enclosed by the box, respectively

Fig. 13 GOS maps of the compressed composites: a-d 573 K, 0.001 s-1, e-h 423 K, 0.001 s-1

Fig. 14 Inverse pole figures of the compressed composites

Fig. 15 Schematic diagram for the distribution of the reinforcement a particles, b GNPs in matrix alloys

Fig. 16 Liner plots of σs versus $\dot{\varepsilon }$1/8

Fig. 17 Relationship between average GND density and grain size of compressed GNPs/Mg composites

Fig. 18 DDRX behavior of the grains in samples compressed at 473 K/0.001 s-1: a invers pole figure map, b (0001) pole figure

Fig. 19 CDRX behavior of the grains in samples compressed at 573 K/0.001 s-1 (a-d): a invers pole figure map, b local misorientation map, c line profiles of misorientation angle along the arrows AB and CD in a and b, d (0001) pole figure