Microstructure Evolution and Tensile Properties of the Alx(CoCrNi)100-x Medium-Entropy Alloys

doi:10.1007/s40195-023-01623-7

Abstract

Abstract:

A series of Al_x(CoCrNi)_100-_x (x = 0-21 at.%) medium-entropy alloys (MEAs) were designed and prepared to investigate the effects of Al addition on the microstructures and tensile properties. The results reveal that the lattice structure changes from the initial single FCC structure (x < 10 at.%), to the FCC and disordered BCC structures (x = 10 and 11 at.%), then to the FCC and BCC/B2 structures (11 < x < 21 at.%), finally to the duplex BCC/B2 structures (x ≥ 21 at.%) with increasing Al addition. Consistent with microstructures, significant changes also occur in the corresponding tensile properties with Al addition, showing that the strength increases and the ductility decreases with increasing Al addition. Especially, the Al-15 MEA exhibits an acceptable balance of strength and ductility. Furthermore, the mechanism of microstructure evolution and the correlation between microstructures and tensile properties were also discussed and clarified.

Key words: Medium-entropy alloys, Microstructures, Tensile properties, Strengthening mechanisms

Ji-Peng Zou, Xue-Mei Luo, Bin Zhang, Guo-Dong Liu, Hong-Lei Chen, Xiao-Fei Zhu, Wen-Ke Yang, Guang-Ping Zhang. Microstructure Evolution and Tensile Properties of the Al_x(CoCrNi)_100-_x Medium-Entropy Alloys[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2023, 36(12): 2045-2057.

Figures/Tables 13

Fig. 1 XRD patterns of the as-cast Al-x MEAs showing a lattice structure transition from FCC phase to BCC/B2 phases starting at the Al-10 MEA

Fig. 2 Details of the XRD patterns of the as-cast Al-x MEAs showing the evolution of the (111)FCC and (110)BCC peaks: a Al-0 to Al-9 MEAs; b Al-10 to Al-21 MEAs

Fig. 3 SEM images of the as-cast Al-x MEAs: a-h Al-0 to Al-21 MEAs, i high-magnification image of the red frame in h showing the BCC/B2 phases in the Al-21 MEA

Fig. 4 Volume fractions of the FCC and BCC/B2 phases vs. Al addition in the as-cast Al-x MEAs. The round-shaped image are the corresponding EBSD phase maps showing the FCC and BCC/B2 phases highlighted in red and blue colors, respectively

Table 1 Chemical compositions of the as-cast Al-x MEAs by using SEM-EDS (in at.%)

Alloys	Chemical compositions
Alloys	Al	Co	Cr	Ni
Al-0	0	33.36 ± 0.19	34.24 ± 0.25	32.40 ± 0.38
Al-3	3.56 ± 0.22	31.86 ± 0.14	32.58 ± 0.19	32.00 ± 0.24
Al-6	6.15 ± 0.10	31.51 ± 0.44	31.79 ± 0.38	30.54 ± 0.30
Al-9	9.53 ± 0.27	30.32 ± 0.36	30.48 ± 0.44	29.67 ± 0.61
Al-10	10.49 ± 0.45	29.82 ± 0.94	30.35 ± 0.11	29.33 ± 0.65
Al-11	11.67 ± 0.26	29.70 ± 0.20	30.04 ± 0.33	28.59 ± 0.15
Al-13	13.75 ± 0.08	28.36 ± 0.45	29.26 ± 0.52	28.63 ± 0.89
Al-15	15.86 ± 0.08	27.45 ± 0.53	27.70 ± 0.75	29.00 ± 0.33
Al-17	17.85 ± 0.22	27.23 ± 0.23	27.41 ± 0.10	27.51 ± 0.46
Al-19	19.81 ± 0.13	26.77 ± 0.56	26.94 ± 0.21	26.48 ± 0.32
Al-20	20.93 ± 0.08	26.37 ± 0.31	26.06 ± 0.35	26.64 ± 0.12
Al-21	22.26 ± 0.45	26.07 ± 0.33	26.02 ± 0.22	25.65 ± 0.04

Fig. 5 Detailed TEM characterization of the BCC/B2 phases in the Al-21 MEA: a bright field (BF)-TEM image and the corresponding SAED pattern of the Al-21 MEA, b, d high-magnification BF-TEM images and c, e the corresponding DF-TEM images identifying the BCC/B2 phases, f high-angle annular dark-field (HAADF)-STEM image, and the corresponding EDS mapping showing the elemental distribution

Fig. 6 Room temperature tensile properties of the as-cast Al-x MEAs: a engineering stress-strain curves, b σYS, σUTS and εUE vs. Al addition

Fig. 7 Prediction criteria for the as-cast Al-x MEAs: a ΔHmix-δ, b Ω-δ, c VEC, d VEC-δ

Table 2 ΔHmix, δ, Ω and VEC of the as-cast Al-x MEAs

Alloys	ΔH_mix (kJ/mol)	δ (%)	Ω	VEC
Al-0	− 4.89	0.16	3.53	8.33
Al-3	− 6.58	2.50	2.83	8.17
Al-6	− 8.16	3.46	2.36	8.01
Al-9	− 9.62	4.15	2.03	7.85
Al-10	− 10.08	4.34	1.95	7.80
Al-11	− 10.53	4.52	1.87	7.75
Al-13	− 11.39	4.85	1.73	7.64
Al-15	− 12.20	5.13	1.62	7.53
Al-17	− 12.96	5.38	1.52	7.43
Al-19	− 13.67	5.61	1.43	7.32
Al-20	− 14.01	5.71	1.39	7.27
Al-21	− 14.33	5.80	1.36	7.21

Fig. 8 Lattice constants of FCC and BCC phases vs. Al addition of the as-cast Al-x MEAs

Fig. 9 Experimental Δσss vs. theoretical Δσss [62,63,65,66] of the Al-9 MEA, showing that the theoretical Δσss calculated by using Varvenne’s model [65,66] agrees well with the experimental Δσss

Fig. 10 VBCC/B2 vs. σYS of the type-II MEAs with FCC + BCC/B2 phases

Fig. 11 Comparisons of the tensile properties between the Al-15 MEA and other FCC materials [3,20,21,35,64,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89]: a yield strength vs. total elongation, b tensile strength vs. total elongation

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