A Study of Rust Layer of Ultra-Thin Cast Strip Steel Containing 0.10% Sb in Simulated Industrial Atmosphere

doi:10.1007/s40195-023-01542-7

Abstract

Abstract:

A new type of steel containing Sb based on the CASTRIP process had been designed to improve the corrosion resistance of high-strength steels in industrial atmospheres. The properties of the electrochemistry and rust layer (RL) were analyzed to evaluate the corrosion resistance of the ultra-thin cast strip (UCS) steel containing 0.10% Sb. Experimental results showed that the corrosion resistance of UCS steel containing Sb was doubled compared to that of traditional hot rolling strip (HRS) steel. It could be interpreted as an integral effect of CASTRIP process and alloying elements. The optimization for microstructure and inclusion of UCS steel can reduce the localized corrosion effects in initial corrosion processes. Cu, P and Sb reduced the anodic reaction and CuFeO₂/Cu₂O, CuO, FePO₄ and Sb₂O₃ were formed, promoting the transition from γ-FeOOH to α-FeOOH. A (Cu, Sb, P)-enriched inner RL was generated and significantly improved protective ability of the RL.

Key words: Ultra-thin cast strip (UCS), Sb, Corrosion resistance, Rust layer

Long Chen, Xintong Lian, Zhong Xi, Tengshi Liu, Qingxiao Feng, Hualong Li, Yixin Shi, Han Dong. A Study of Rust Layer of Ultra-Thin Cast Strip Steel Containing 0.10% Sb in Simulated Industrial Atmosphere[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2023, 36(8): 1371-1384.

Figures/Tables 15

Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of production process based on CASTRIP

Table 1 Chemical composition of the test steels (%, mass fraction)

Materials	C	Si	Mn	P	S	Cu	Nb	Sb
Sb-free HRS steel	0.112	0.20	1.05	0.038	0.0120	0.25	0.019	-
Sb-free UCS steel	0.021	0.59	0.60	0.042	0.0028	0.39	0.040	-
0.10Sb UCS steel	0.022	0.60	0.60	0.040	0.0032	0.40	0.039	0.10

Table 2 Detailed parameters for the dry/wet cyclic tests

Time (min)			Temperature (℃)		Environmental humidity, RH
Single cycle	Immersion	Drying	Immersion	Drying	Environmental humidity, RH
60	48	12	45	35	70%

Fig. 2 Microstructures of the test steels: a Sb-free HRS steel, b Sb-free UCS steel, c 0.10Sb UCS steel

Fig. 3 SEM images and EDS mapping of the typical spherical inclusions in a Sb-free HRS steel, b Sb-free UCS steel, c 0.01Sb UCS steel

Fig. 4 Size distribution and ternary phase diagram of inclusions: a, b Sb-free HRS steel; c, d Sb-free UCS steel

Fig. 5 Results of electrochemical testing of samples in a 0.01 M NaHSO3 solution: a Nyquist plots and equivalent circuit; b polarization curves and the fitted parameters

Table 3 Fitting results for the EIS curves of tested steels

Materials	R_s (Ω cm²)	C_r (Ω⁻¹ cm⁻²·Sⁿ)	R_r (Ω cm²)	C_dl (Ω⁻¹ cm⁻²·Sⁿ)	R_ct (Ω cm²)
Sb-free HRS steel	2.98	1.14 × 10⁻⁸	191.88	1.05 × 10⁻³	114.87
Sb-free UCS steel	4.14	8.47 × 10⁻⁹	203.89	8.53 × 10⁻⁴	126.91
0.10Sb UCS steel	4.39	6.31 × 10⁻⁹	231.11	1.10 × 10⁻³	139.39

Fig. 6 Thickness loss and corrosion rate of the tested steels after dry/wet cyclic tests for different periods: a thickness loss; b corrosion rate

Fig. 7 Cross-sectional morphologies and elemental mapping distributions of the tested steels after dry/wet cyclic acceleration corrosion for 408 h a Sb-free HRS steel, b Sb-free UCS steel, c 0.10Sb UCS steel

Fig. 8 a SmartLab spectra of the RL of the tested steels after dry/wet cyclic acceleration corrosion for 408 h; b the phase ratios and PAI of the RL

Fig. 9 Raman spectrum of the RL along the cross-sectional direction: a Sb-free HRS steel, b Sb-free UCS steel, c 0.10Sb UCS steel

Fig. 10 Detailed XPS spectra in inner RL of different steels: a Sb-free HRS steel, b Sb-free UCS steel, c 0.10Sb UCS steel

Fig. 11 Schematic diagram of the initial stage of corrosion process in 0.10Sb UCS steel

Fig. 12 Schematic diagram of the formation of stable RL in 0.10Sb UCS steel

References 78

[1]	M.V. Biezma, J.R. San Cristobal, Corros. Eng. Sci. Technol. 40, 344 (2005) DOI URL
[2]	D. Xu, C. Lou, J. Huang, X. Lu, Z. Xin, C.L. Zhou, Prog. Org. Coat. 134, 126 (2019)
[3]	H. Kihira, M. Kimura, Corrosion 67, 095002-095011 (2011) DOI URL
[4]	S. Vaynman, R.S. Guico, M.E. Fine, S.J. Manganello, Metall. Mater. Trans. A 28, 1274 (1997) DOI URL
[5]	V. Krivy, V. Urban, K. Kreislova, Eng. Fail. Anal. 69, 147 (2016) DOI URL
[6]	M. Morcillo, I. Díaz, B. Chico, H. Cano, D. de la Fuente, Corros. Sci. 83, 6 (2014) DOI URL
[7]	Y. Zhou, J. Chen, Y. Xu, Z. Liu, Mater. Sci. Technol. 29, 168 (2013)
[8]	X. Cheng, Z. Jin, M. Liu, X. Li, Corros. Sci. 115, 135 (2017) DOI URL
[9]	S. Jiang, F. Chai, H. Su, C.F. Yang, Corros. Sci. 123, 217 (2017) DOI URL
[10]	A. Usami, M. Okushima, S. Sakamoto, S. Nishimura, T. Kusunoki, K. Kojima, Nippon. Steel. Tech. Rep. 90, 25 (2004)
[11]	X.X. Wang, Y.M. Gao, K. Li, J.B. Yan, Y.F. Li, J.B. Feng, Corros. Sci. 69, 369 (2013) DOI URL
[12]	V.F.C. Lins, R.B. Soares, E.A. Alvarenga, Corros. Eng. Sci. Technol. 52, 1 (2017)
[13]	C. Liu, Y.L. Li, X.Q. Cheng, X.G. Li, Acta Metall. Sin. -Engl. Lett. 35, 1055 (2022)
[14]	J.C. Wu, Y. Fang, Y. Yu, Baosteel Technol. 04, 18 (2018)
[15]	D.J. Sosinsky, P. Campbell, R. Mahapatra, W. Blejde, Metallurgist 52, 691 (2008) DOI URL
[16]	Y.X. Kelvin, Y. Lan, Z. Chen, M.C. Julie, R.K. Chris, J.B. Frank, G.W. James, Metall. Mater. Trans. A 42, 2199 (2011) DOI URL
[17]	W. Blejde, R. Mahapatra, H. Fukase, Mater. Aust. 3, 32 (2000)
[18]	C.R. Killmore, D.G. Edelman, K.R. Carpenter, H.R. Kaul, J.G. Williams, P.C. Campbell, W.N. Blejde, Mater. Sci. Forum 654, 198 (2010)
[19]	K. Mukunthan, L. Strezov, R. Mahapatra, W. Blejde, Can. Metall. Quart. 40, 523 (2013) DOI URL
[20]	R. Wechsler, J. Scand, Metals 32, 58 (2003)
[21]	N. Zapuskalov, ISLJ Int. 43, 1115 (2003)
[22]	S. Ahn, K.J. Park, K. Oh, S. Hwang, B. Park, H. Kwon, M. Shon, Met. Mater. Int. 21, 865 (2015) DOI URL
[23]	W. Wu, Z.Y. Liu, Q.Y. Wang, X.G. Li, Corros. Sci. 170, 108693 (2020) DOI URL
[24]	Y. Yang, C. Jiang, X.Q. Cheng, J.B. Zhao, X.G. Li, J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 29, 2648 (2020) DOI
[25]	K.R. Carpenter, D.G. Edelman, P.C. Campbell, C.R. Killmore, H.R. Kaul, J.G. Williams, W.N. Blejde, AISTech-Iron and Steel Technology Conference Proceedings, 751 (2011)
[26]	F. Zhu, D. Persson, D. Thierry, C. Taxen. Corros 57, 582 (2001)
[27]	X.T. Lian, J.N. Zhu, R.Q. Wan, T.S. Liu, H. Dong, Metals 10, 1174 (2020) DOI URL
[28]	M. Morcillo, I. Díaz, H. Cano, B. Chico, D. de la Fuente, Constr. Build. Mater. 213, 723 (2019) DOI
[29]	W. Wu, X.Q. Cheng, J.B. Zhao, X.G. Li, Corros. Sci. 165, 108416 (2020) DOI URL
[30]	W. Wu, W.K. Hao, Z.Y. Liu, X.G. Li, C.W. Du, W.J. Liao, J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 24, 4636 (2015) DOI URL
[31]	ISO 8407: 2009, Corrosion of Metals and Alloys-Removal of Corrosion Products from Corrosion Test Specimens, 2009.
[32]	Y.T. Ma, Y. Li, F.H. Wang, Corros. Sci. 52, 1796 (2010) DOI URL
[33]	ASTM G1-2011, Standard Practice for Preparing, Cleaning, and Evaluating Corrosion Test Specimens, 2011.
[34]	W. Wu, Z.Y. Dai, Z.Y. Liu, C. Lou, X.G. Li, Corros. Sci. 183, 109353 (2021) DOI URL
[35]	ASTM G50-2015, Standard Practice for Conducting Atmospheric Corrosion Tests on Metals, 2015.
[36]	S. Li, L.H. Hihara, J. Electrochem. Soc. 159, C147 (2012) DOI URL
[37]	J. Monnier, L. Bellot-Gurlet, D. Baron, D. Neff, I. Guillot, P. Dillmann, J. Raman Spectrosc. 42, 773 (2011) DOI URL
[38]	D. Neff, L. Bellot-Gurlet, P. Dillmann, S. Reguer, L. Legrand, J. Raman Spectrosc. 37, 1228 (2006)
[39]	D. Faria, S.V. Silva, M.J. Oliveira, J. Raman Spectrosc. 28, 873 (1997) DOI URL
[40]	D. Larroumet, D. Greenfield, R. Akid, J. Yarwood, J. Raman Spectrosc. 38, 1577 (2010) DOI URL
[41]	E. Rocca, H. Faiz, P. Dillmann, D. Neff, F. Mirambet, Electrochim. Acta 316, 219 (2019) DOI URL
[42]	P. Campbell, W. Blejde, R. Mahapatra, R. Wechsler, Metallurgist 48, 507 (2004) DOI URL
[43]	K. Mukunthan, L. Strezov, R. Mahapatra, W. Blejde, Can. Metall. Quart. 40, 523 (2001) DOI URL
[44]	C. Kristin, K. Chris, Metals 5, 1857 (2015) DOI URL
[45]	T. Araki, I. Kozasu, H. Takechi, K. Shibata, M. Enomoto, H. Tamehiro, S. Yamamoto, M. Katumata, H. Okaguchi, K. Amao, Iron. Steel. Inst. Jpn. 1, 1 (1992)
[46]	D.G. Edelman, P.C. Campbell, C.R. Killmore, K.R. Carpenter, H.R. Kaul, J.G. Williams, W.N. Blejde, Iron. Steel. Technol. 6, 47 (2009)
[47]	T. Huang, X.P. Chen, X.D. Wang, B. Wang, F. Wang, X.Y. Li, J. Mech. Eng. 45, 53 (2017)
[48]	R.E. Melchers, Corros. Rev. 38, 515 (2020) DOI URL
[49]	R. Lindsay, Shreir’s Corrosion, ed. by B.Cottis, M. Graham, S. Lyon, T. Richardson, D. Scantlebury, H. Stott (Elsevier BV, The Netherlands, 2010), p. 1693
[50]	X.Q. Cheng, Y.W. Tian, X.G. Li, C. Zhou, Mater. Corros. 65, 1033 (2014)
[51]	W. Han, C. Pan, Z.Y. Wang, G.C. Yu, Corros. Sci. 88, 89 (2014) DOI URL
[52]	W. Wu, Z.Y. Liu, X.G. Li, C.W. Du, Z.Y. Cui, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 759, 124 (2019) DOI URL
[53]	B.Y. Wu, W. Liang, A.H. Wang Brit, Corros. J. 48, 313 (2013)
[54]	T. Kamimura, S. Hara, H. Miyuki, M. Yamashita, H. Uchida, Corros. Sci. 48, 2799 (2006) DOI URL
[55]	T. Kamimura, M. Yamashita, H. Uchida, H. Miyuki, J. Japan. Inst. Metals 65, 922 (2001) DOI URL
[56]	L. Hao, S.X. Zhang, J.H. Dong, W. Ke, Corros. Sci. 54, 244 (2012) DOI URL
[57]	W.M. Liu, J. Liu, H.B. Pan, F.B. Cao, Z.J. Wu, H.H. Lv, Z.Y. Xu, J. Alloy. Compd. 834, 155095 (2020) DOI URL
[58]	F.Y. Mi, X.D. Wang, Z.P. Liu, B. Wang, Y. Peng, D.P. Tao, J. Iron. Steel. Res. Int. 18, 67 (2011)
[59]	T. Misawa, T. Kyuno, W. Suëtaka, S. Shimodaira, Corros. Sci. 11, 35 (1971) DOI URL
[60]	D.P. Le, W.S. Ji, J.G. Kim, K.J. Jeong, S.H. Lee, Corros. Sci. 50, 1195 (2008) DOI URL
[61]	C. Liu, R.I. Revilla, D.W. Zhang, Z.Y. Liu, A. Lutz, F. Zhang, T.L. Zhao, H.C. Ma, X.G. Li, H. Terryn, Corros. Sci. 138, 96 (2018) DOI URL
[62]	C. Liu, X. Li, R.I. Revilla, T. Sun, J.B. Zhao, D.W. Zhang, S.F. Yang, Z.Y. Liu, X.Q. Cheng, H. Terryn, X.G. Li, Corros. Sci. 179, 109150 (2021) DOI URL
[63]	C. Liu, R.I. Revilla, X. Li, Z.H. Jiang, S.F. Yang, Z.Y. Cui, D.W. Zhang, H. Terryn, X.G. Li, Corros. Sci. 124, 141 (2022)
[64]	T.Y. Zhang, Y.L. Li, X. Li, C. Liu, S.F. Yang, Z.G. Yang, X.G. Li, Corros. Sci. 208, 110708 (2022) DOI URL
[65]	L.W. Wang, J.C. Xin, L.J. Cheng, K. Zhao, B.Z. Sun, J.R. Li, X. Wang, Z.Y. Cui, Corros. Sci. 147, 108 (2019) DOI URL
[66]	I.I. Reformatskaya, I.G. Rodionova, Y.A. Beilin, L.A. Niselson, A.N. Podobaev, Prot. Met. 405, 447 (2004)
[67]	G.X. Li, L.W. Wang, H.L. Wu, C. Liu, X. Wang, Z.Y. Cui, Corros. Sci. 174, 108815 (2020) DOI URL
[68]	X.H. Hao, J.H. Dong, I.N. Etim, J. Wei, W. Ke, Corros. Sci. 110, 296 (2016) DOI URL
[69]	C.N. Cao, Principles of Electrochemistry of Corrosion, ed. by Z.B. Duan, F.Y. Sun (Chemical Industry Press, Beijing, 2008.), p. 81
[70]	D. Clover, B. Kinsella, B. Pejcic, R.D. Macro, J. Appl. Elelctrochem. 35, 139 (2005)
[71]	Y.B. Guo, C. Li, Y.C. Liu, L.M. Yu, Z.Q. Ma, C.X. Liu, H.J. Li, Int. J. Min. Met. Mater. 22, 604 (2015) DOI URL
[72]	S.P. Qu, X.L. Pang, Y.B. Wang, K.W. Gao, Corros. Sci. 75, 67 (2013) DOI URL
[73]	W. Ke, J.H. Dong, Acta Metall. Sin. 46, 1365 (2010) DOI URL
[74]	T. Misawa, K. Asami, K. Hashimoto, S. Shimodaira, Corros. Sci. 14, 279 (1974) DOI URL
[75]	M. Yamashita, H. Miyuki, Y. Matsuda, H. Nagano, Corros. Sci. 36, 283 (1994) DOI URL
[76]	T. Misawa, Corros. Sci. 13, 659 (1973) DOI URL
[77]	J.H. Hong, S.H. Lee, J.G. Kim, J.B. Yoon, Corros. Sci. 54, 174 (2012) DOI URL
[78]	H. Lin, X. Wu, Metall. Mater. Trans. B 27, 157 (1996) DOI URL