Enhanced Wear Resistance of Ni/h-BN Composites with Graphene Addition Produced by Spark Plasma Sintering

doi:10.1007/s40195-018-0844-z

Abstract

Abstract:

：Ni-based self-lubricating composites containing a fixed amount of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) (5 wt%) and different amounts of graphene (0-1.5 wt%) were prepared by ultrasonic dispersion, high-energy ball milling, and spark plasma sintering. The effects of the graphene content on the physical, mechanical, and wear properties of the Ni/h-BN composites were evaluated. These properties were first enhanced with increasing graphene content, reaching optimal behavior for a graphene content of 1 wt%, and then degraded with further graphene addition. Compared to the pure Ni/h-BN composite, the relative density, hardness, and bending strength of the composite with 1 wt% graphene increased by 2.7%, 7.4%, and 6.3%, respectively, while the friction coefficient decreased by 56% to 0.31, and a reduction in wear rate by a factor of 5-15 was observed. The mechanism for improving the wear properties of the composite with added graphene was due to the formation of a graphene lubricating film on the worn surface, which increased the load bearing capacity of the surface and enhanced lubrication during wear.

Key words: Graphene, h-BN, Wear, Ni matrix composites

Jiao Xu, Dan-Qing Yi, Qiang Cui, Bin Wang. Enhanced Wear Resistance of Ni/h-BN Composites with Graphene Addition Produced by Spark Plasma Sintering[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2019, 32(7): 876-886.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig. 1 Characterization of graphene, Ni, h-BN, and as-milled 0.5Gr powders. a graphene; b XRD pattern of graphene; SEM images of c Ni powders, d h-BN powders, e as-milled 0.5Gr powders; f Raman spectra of graphene and as-milled 0.5Gr powders

Fig. 2 3D X-ray diffraction patterns of the composites

Fig. 3 Raman spectra of the composites

Fig. 4 Microstructures of the composites. a 0Gr; b 0.5Gr; c 1.0Gr; d 1.5Gr

Fig. 5 a Microstructure of sample 0.5Gr; b nickel, c carbon, and d boron EPMA mapping images of a

Table 1 Physical and mechanical properties of the composites

Samples	Geometric density (g/cm³)	Relative density (%)	Hardness (HV)	Bending strength (MPa)
0Gr	7.372	94.0	110?±?2.0	281?±?0.7
0.5Gr	7.330	95.4	112?±?2.3	283?±?1.2
1.0Gr	7.202	96.5	118?±?3.6	298?±?1.6
1.5Gr	7.198	95.1	105?±?3.3	297?±?2.1

Fig. 6 Friction coefficients of the composites a 0Gr; b 0.5Gr; c 1.0Gr; d 1.5Gr under different loads

Fig. 7 a Average friction coefficients, b specific wear rates of the composites under different loads

Fig. 8 SEM images of the worn surfaces of the composites under different loads

Fig. 9 3D topography of the composites at 5 N. a 0Gr; b 0.5Gr; c 1.0Gr; d 1.5Gr

Fig. 10 EPMA maps of the worn surfaces of graphene-reinforced Ni/h-BN composites with different contents of graphene at 9 N

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