Cracking Behavior in Additively Manufactured Pure Tungsten

doi:10.1007/s40195-018-0752-2

Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters) ›› 2019, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (1): 127-135.DOI: 10.1007/s40195-018-0752-2

Special Issue: 增材制造2019-2020

• Orginal Article • Previous Articles Next Articles

Cracking Behavior in Additively Manufactured Pure Tungsten

Dian-Zheng Wang¹, Kai-Lun Li¹, Chen-Fan Yu¹, Jing Ma¹, Wei Liu¹(), Zhi-Jian Shen^1,²()

1.State Key Laboratory of New Ceramic and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
2.Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden

Received:2018-02-22 Revised:2018-03-27 Online:2019-01-10 Published:2019-01-18
Contact: Liu Wei,Shen Zhi-Jian
About author:
Author brief introduction:Dao-Kui Xu Professor of IMR, CAS, and “Young Merit Scholar” of Corrosion Center in the Institute of Metal Research (IMR), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). He achieved Ph.D. degree from IMR, CAS, in 2008, during which he obtained “Chinese Academy of Sciences-BHP Billiton” Scholarship award, “Shi Changxu” Scholarship award and “Zhu-LiYueHua” Excellent Doctorate Student Scholarship of Chinese Academy of Sciences. He worked as a Research Fellow in ARC Center of Excellence, Design of Light Metals, Department of Materials Engineering, Monash University, Australia (2008.10-2011.10). He published more than 60 peer-reviewed scientific papers, attended 20 invited lectures and holds seven patents. His papers were cited more than 1200 times. His research interests mainly include: (1) fatigue behavior and fracture toughness of light metals, such as Mg, Al and Ti alloys; (2) effects of alloying, heat treatment and thermomechanical processes on the microstructural evolution and mechanical improvement of light metals; (3) corrosion, stress corrosion cracking and corrosion fatigue behavior of lightweight alloys; and (4) design of new lightweight alloys with a good balance of properties in terms of mechanical property and corrosion resistance.

Abstract

Abstract:

In this study, near fully dense (96.5%) pure tungsten bulks were additively manufactured and the cracking behavior was investigated. A crack network with a spacing of ~?100 μm was observed in the fabricated bulks. It was observed that the laser scanning strategy, which could tailor the microstructure, affected the crack distribution pattern in fabricated tungsten. The calculated surface temperature difference (7300 K) was much higher than the cracking criterion (800 K) of tungsten, indicating that cracking is almost inevitable in laser additive manufacturing of tungsten. It could be concluded that crack network formed because the cracks emerged in every laser molten track and then interconnected in the layer-by-layer building process.

Key words: Tungsten, Selective laser melting, Cracking, Microstructure

Dian-Zheng Wang, Kai-Lun Li, Chen-Fan Yu, Jing Ma, Wei Liu, Zhi-Jian Shen. Cracking Behavior in Additively Manufactured Pure Tungsten[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2019, 32(1): 127-135.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig. 1 a SEM image and b size distribution of raw tungsten powders

Fig. 2 Schematic illustration of scanning strategies of a no scanning rotation, no remelting, b scanning rotation, no remelting, c scanning rotation and remelting, d illustration of pulse laser mode, e picture of pure tungsten bulks manufactured under scanning strategies (1)-(3) in order from left to right (BD: building direction; SD: laser scanning direction; TD: transverse direction)

Fig. 3 SEM images showing cracking in a single-laser molten track of tungsten: a top face, b front face

Fig. 4 Crack distribution in top face of built pure tungsten (the sample was fabricated under laser scanning rotation of 67° without remelting)

Fig. 5 Crack distribution in side face of built pure tungsten (the sample was fabricated under laser scanning rotation of 67° without remelting)

Fig. 6 EBSD map showing crack growth at GB (A and B are two grains; C and D are two GBs; E presents the local deformation area)

Fig. 7 Cracking in tungsten fabricated with no scanning rotation and no remelting: a SEM image of top face; b EBSD mapping of a; c SEM image of side face; d EBSD mapping of c

Fig. 8 Cracking in tungsten fabricated under scanning rotation of 67° without remelting: a EBSD mapping of top face; b SEM image of side face; c EBSD mapping of b

Fig. 9 Cracking in tungsten fabricated under scanning rotation of 67° with remelting (the remelting SD is vertical to primary SD): a EBSD mapping of top face; b SEM image of side face; c EBSD mapping of b

Fig. 10 Schematic illustration of crack pattern and microstructure after SLM

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Cracking Behavior in Additively Manufactured Pure Tungsten

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