Synthetic Effects of Frequency and Duty Ratio on Growth Characteristics, Energy Consumption and Corrosion Properties of Microarc Oxidized Coating Formed on Ti6Al4V

doi:10.1007/s40195-018-0748-y

Abstract

Abstract:

The synthetic effects of frequency and duty ratio on growth characteristics and corrosion properties of coating on Ti6Al4V fabricated by microarc oxidation are investigated comprehensively. Under the condition of uniform cumulating time of positive impulse width, the essence of altering frequency and duty ratio to determine the formation of coating is to vary the duration and interval time of positive pulse. The growth of coating is mainly controlled by duration time of positive pulse and hardly correlated to the interval time of positive pulse, while both duration and interval time of positive pulse have few influences on the morphology and phase structures of coating. The dynamic current is related to positive impulse width and the ratio of positive pulse on-time to pulse off-time. Regardless of uniform duration or interval time of positive pulse, the energy dissipation presents a descending tendency. The relationship between energy consumption and anticorrosion performance is contradictory, and obtaining excellent corrosion resistance is bound to sacrifice lots of energy. The duty ratio and frequency can be designed purposefully to realize the optimal process.

Key words: Microarc oxidation, Titanium alloy, Frequency, Duty ratio

Tong Zhou, Zhen-Bo Qin, Qin Luo, Qi Zhang, Bin Shen, Wen-Bin Hu, Lei Liu. Synthetic Effects of Frequency and Duty Ratio on Growth Characteristics, Energy Consumption and Corrosion Properties of Microarc Oxidized Coating Formed on Ti6Al4V[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2018, 31(10): 1109-1120.

Figures/Tables 14

Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of the output waveform of MAO device

Table 1 Electrical parameters of bipolar pulse power supply for two groups

Group	Label	Duty ratio (%)	Frequency (Hz)	Processing time (min)
A	A1	10	300	10
	A2	20	600	5
	A3	30	900	3.3
	A4	40	1200	2.5
B	B1	42	500	2.5
	B2	30	600	3.5
	B3	18	700	5.8
	B4	7	800	15

Fig. 2 Cross-sectional a and surface morphologies b of A1 MAO coating prepared with 10% (duty ratio), 300 Hz (frequency) and 10 min (treatment time)

Fig. 3 Thicknesses of MAO coating of two groups: a different ITSPPs with uniform DTSPP; b different DTSPPs with uniform ITSPP

Fig. 4 Roughness of MAO coating of two groups: a different ITSPPs with uniform DTSPP; b different DTSPPs with uniform ITSPPs

Fig. 5 XRD patterns of MAO coatings of group A with decreasing ITSPP and uniform DTSPP

Fig. 6 Transient voltage curves of group B during MAO process with decreasing DTSPP and uniform ITSPP

Fig. 7 Transient current curves of two groups during MAO process: a different ITSPPs with uniform DTSPP; b different DTSPPs with uniform ITSPP

Table 2 Consumption of electric energy of two groups during MAO process

Group	Label	Depletion of energy (× 10⁴ J)	SD (%)
A	A1	50.51	2.22
	A2	49.22	2.06
	A3	44.97	1.64
	A4	41.85	1.50
B	B1	58.88	2.89
	B2	49.01	3.08
	B3	40.32	1.60
	B4	20.23	0.88

Fig. 8 Potentiodynamic polarization curves of the MAO coating: a different ITSPPs with uniform DTSPP; b different DTSPPs with uniform ITSPP

Table 3 Polarization parameters of coating

Group	Label	E_corr (V vs. SCE)	i_corr (A/cm²)	β_a (V/dec)	β_c (V/dec)	R_p (Ω cm²)
A	A1	- 0.13	1.45E-8	0.2053	0.1771	2.85E6
	A2	- 0.08	4.58E-9	0.2421	0.1572	9.04E6
	A3	- 0.19	3.40E-8	0.2781	0.1897	1.44E6
	A4	- 0.35	1.03E-7	0.2920	0.1444	4.09E5
B	B1	- 0.11	2.61E-8	0.2046	0.1449	1.41E6
	B2	- 0.15	1.70E-7	0.1192	0.1500	1.70E5
	B3	- 0.18	3.47E-6	0.1063	0.1014	6.49E3
	B4	- 0.14	1.34E-6	0.2032	0.1975	3.24E4

Fig. 9 Experimental and fitting Nyquist and Bode plots of the MAO coating: a Nyquist plot for group A; b Bode spectra—impedance for group A; c Bode spectra—phase angle for group A; d Nyquist plot for group B; e Bode spectra—impedance for group B; f Bode spectra—phase angle for group B

Fig. 10 Electrical equivalent circuit model for MAO coating

Table 4 Fitting parameters of EIS plots of all the samples in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution

Group	Label	R_s (Ω cm²)	CPE₁ (F cm^-2)	n ₁	R₁ (Ω cm²)	C_dl (F cm^-2)	n ₂	R_ct (Ω cm²)
A	A1	93	8.59E-7	0.70	1.46E6	2.13E-6	0.70	2.25E6
	A2	98	1.85E-7	0.74	1.26E6	2.61E-7	0.46	5.11E7
	A3	78	2.15E-8	0.81	1.02E5	6.60E-7	0.67	2.22E6
	A4	54	5.21E-8	0.73	8.00E4	4.13E-6	0.32	1.78E6
B	B1	75	4.03E-7	0.77	1.13E3	8.89E-7	0.64	5.11E6
	B2	49	4.07E-6	0.67	1.42E4	1.51E-5	0.68	8.36E4
	B3	31	8.38E-6	0.65	1.72E3	3.75E-5	0.70	1.31E4
	B4	56	4.86E-6	0.65	489	1.13E-5	0.52	5.94E4

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