Fig. 1 Schematic illustration of the ARB process

Fig. 2 Variations in microhardness values of 1050 aluminum alloy specimens (annealed and produced by ARB)

Fig. 3 AFM images of specimens produced by ARB after one a, three b, five c, seven d cycles

Fig. 4 SEM micrographs of specimens produced by ARB after one a, three b, five c, seven d cycles in magnification ×5000

Fig. 5 Open-circuit potential a, potentiodynamic polarization b curves of 1050 aluminum alloy specimens (annealed and produced by ARB) in a borate buffer solution (pH 6.0)

Fig. 6 Variations of the corrosion potential of 1050 aluminum alloy specimens produced by ARB in a borate buffer solution (pH 6.0)

Fig. 7 Variations of the corrosion a, passive b current density of 1050 aluminum alloy specimens produced by ARB in a borate buffer solution (pH 6.0)

Fig. 8 Effect of number of ARB cycles on the Nyquist plots of 1050 aluminum alloy in a borate buffer solution (pH 6.0)

Fig. 9 Best equivalent circuit used to model the experimental EIS data of 1050 aluminum alloy specimens produced by ARB

Fig. 10 Best equivalent circuit used to model the experimental EIS data of annealed 1050 aluminum alloy specimen

Fig. 11 Effect of number of ARB cycles on the resistance a, capacitance b of the passive films formed on 1050 aluminum alloy in a borate buffer solution (pH 6.0)

Fig. 12 Effect of number of ARB cycles on the thickness of the passive films formed on 1050 aluminum alloy in a borate buffer solution (pH 6.0)