Fig. 1 Torsion deformation of cold drawing pearlitic wires a and strain curves of wires after torsion b. The figures were recreated based on Ref. [14]

Fig. 2 Schematic representations of the specimens for the macro-texture testing (XRD) and micro-texture testing analyses. θ means shear direction. T means transaction of the specimen

Fig. 3 IPFs (in wire axis direction, w) determined by XRD showing macro-textures of the pre-torsion deformed wires: a original wire; b wire 1; c wire 3; d wire 9; e wire 20

Fig. 4 Orientation density analyses of the pre-torsion deformed wires based on XRD: a along α-fiber; b along γ-fiber

Fig. 5 EBSD IPF coloring maps and IPFs of the pre-torsion deformed wires: a wire 1; b wire 3; c wire 9; d wire 20

Fig. 6 {001} pole figures showing the important shear textures: a location of the ideal shear components; b wire 1; c wire 3; d wire 9; e wire 20

Fig. 7 EBSD micrographs showing the evolution of the shear texture components with increasing of torsion strain: a wire 1; b wire 3; c wire 9; d wire 20

Fig. 8 TEM bright field micrographs observed from the longitudinal section showing microstructures at the surface layer: a wire 1; b wire 20 Additionally, it has been demonstrated that the drawing limit is closely related to the critical drawing strain of delamination generation, and the delamination is caused by the {110}?110?texture formed during drawing [26]. Reducing the texture development is considered as one method of deeply drawing for producing fine wires. Therefore, we consider that introducing torsion deformation into the traditional drawing processes may be another effective method to reduce the texture development and improve the drawing limit.