Fig. 1 Schematic illustration of an FGMCC with continuously graded microstructure

Fig. 2 a Graded SiC perform and aluminium-SiC infiltrated specimen, b-e microstructures of functionally graded Al(6061)-SiCp composite by squeeze infiltration

Fig. 3 Schematic diagram of horizontal centrifugal casting process for FGMCC

Fig. 4 Centrifugal casting of Al-graphite and Al-zircon composites [18, 19]

Fig. 5 Optical photomicrographs of Al(6061)-SiC FGM at different positions

Fig. 6 SiC Particle distribution in Al(6061)-SiC FGM

Fig. 7 Optical micrographs of Al-20% Si FGM fabricated by vertical centrifugal casting

Fig. 8 Optical micrographs of Al-Al3Ni in situ functionally graded composite formed from outer periphery of the casting Al-20% Ni

Fig. 9 Optical micrographs of Al-10 SiC-5 graphite functionally graded metal matrix composites by centrifugal casting from outer to inner periphery

Fig. 10 Microstructure of sequentially cast aluminium alloys showing the dewetting of the layers

Fig. 11 Microstructures of the sequential gravity Al319 and Al390 aluminium alloys with good bonding

Fig. 12 Microstructures of the sequential centrifugally cast Al319 and Al390 aluminium alloys

Fig. 13 Macrograph and properties of the brake rotor disc: a macrograph; b volume fraction of SiC distribution from outer to inner periphery by image analysis; c hardness profile; d tensile strength; e modulus of elasticity; f compression strength

Fig. 14 a Macrograph of as cast cylinder liner fabricated using Al390 aluminium alloy; b volume fraction of primary silicon from inner to outer periphery; c hardness profile of the cylinder liner from outer to inner periphery

Fig. 15 Functionally graded aluminium-matrix composite prototype components: a cylinder liners and gears; b brake rotor disc; c piston fabricated by centrifugal casting for engineering application at NIIST

Fig. 16 Functionally graded metal-ceramic brake pads developed by NIIST using squeeze infiltration