APPLICATIONS OF PHYSICAL SIMULATION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF HOT WORKING PROCESSES

Abstract

Abstract: Modelling has become a more and more valuable tool in the design, control and development of steel processing. Empirical regression equations, physically based approachs, artificial neural networks and hybrid models are being theied in computer modelling. In all cases, relevant data are necessary, which can be most economically obtained by physical simulation. Physical simulation with a Gleeble simulator has been used in a large number of tasks at the University of Oulu for ten years in cooperotion with the Finnish metals industry. Some examples of these will be described and discussed below, such as the optimization of the recrystallization controlled rolling process, the improvement of the hot strength model for the control of coiling tension and the optimization of continuous strip annealing schedules.Finally,brief remarks will be then on a couple of projects now under way.

Key words: physical simulation, hot working, recrystallization, phase transformation, continuous annealing

L. P. Karjalainen (Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland). APPLICATIONS OF PHYSICAL SIMULATION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF HOT WORKING PROCESSES[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2000, 13(1): 291-300.

References

1 R. Doll, G. Sogel,M. Baum and G. Zouhar, ASIA Steel, (1999), submitted.
2 ECSC project P4119, The Prediction of the Mechanical Properties of Hot Rolled Strip Products bythe Means of Hybrid Methods.
3 K. Airaksinen, L. P. Karjalainen, D. Porter and J. Perttula, Mater. Set. Forum 284 - 286(1998) 119.
4 K. Airaksinen, L. P. Karjalainen and D. Porter, in Proc. of the 2nd ESAFORM Conference on Ma- terial Forming, ed. J. A. Covas (University of Minho, Guimaraes, Portugal, 1999) p. 555.
5 L. P. Karjalainen, Mater. Set. Technol. 11 (1995) 557.
6 L. P. Karjalainen, J. Perttula, J. Niu and Y. R. Xu I Journal of Harbin institute of Technology 28Supl., Dec. (1996) 205.
7 A. Tamminen, R. Laitinen, L. Myllykoski, D. Porter, and P. Sandvik, in THERMEC '97,Proc.of Intl. Conference on Thermomechanical Processing of Steels & Other Materials, eds. T. Chandraand T. Sakai (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, Whrrendale, PA, 1997) P. 851.
8 R. Laitinen, Effect of Chemical Composition and Processing on Fracture Toughness of HAZ ofHigh - Strength Steels, Lie. thesis, University of Oulu (Oulu, Finland) (1998) (in Finnish).
9 R. Laitinen,T. Lateenmaki, D. Porter and L. P. Karjalainen, in ASM Intl. Symposium on Steelfor Fabricated Structures, Cincinnati, OH, (1999), in printing.
10 K. Sivonen, Studies on Hot Strength of Various StriP Steels at Coiling Temperatures, MSci thesis,University of Oulu (Oulu, Finland) (1999) (in Finnish).
11 Y. Estrin and H. Meeking, Acta Metall. 32 (1984) 57.
12 E. MAki, D. POrter and L. P. Malainen, in Proc. of Intl. Cotherence on Modelling of Metal Roll- ing Processes 3, (Institute of Materials, Iondon, 1999), in printing.
13 M - S. Kantanen, L. P. Karjalainen and T. Kauppi, in Stainlees Steels'99, Proc. of Intl,Con- gress on Stainless Steels'99, Science and Marketing, Vol. 2 (AIM, Associazione Italiana di Metal-lurgia, 1999) p. 173.
14 C. M. Sellals, in ReX'96, Proc. The Third Intl. Conference on Recrystallization and Related Phe-nomenal ed. T. R. McNelley (Monterey, Ca, 1997) p. 87.
15 G.J. Baxter, T. Furu, J. A. Whiteman and C. M. Sellars, Mater. Set. Forum 217 - 222 (1996)459.
16 J. J. Urcola and C. M. Sellars, Acta Metall. 35 (1987) 2649.
17 Q. Zhu, H. R. Shereliff and C. M. Sellare, in THERMEC'97, Proc. of Intl,ConLference on Ther-momechanical Processing of Steels & Other Materials, eds. T. Chandra and T. Sakai (The Miner-als, Metals & Materials Society, Warrendale, PA, 1997) p. 2039.
18 Q. Zhu and C. M. Sellars, in ReX' 96, Proc. The Thick Intl. Conference on Recrystallization andRelated Phenomena, ed. T. R. McNelley (Monterey, Ca, 1997) p. 187.
19 L. P. Karjalainen, D. Porter and P. Peura, in ReX'99, Proc. of the 4th Intl.Conference Re-crystallization and Related Phenomena, ed. T. Sakai (Tsukuba, Japan, 1999), in printing.
20 ECSC Project P3664, Effect of Strain Reversals and Strain - Time Path on ConstitutiveRelationships in Hot Forming Processes.J

[1]	Peng Liu, Hongliang Liu, Jun Liu, Chaoyun Yang, Hang Liu, Chengwu Zheng, Yikun Luan, Mingguang Li, Dianzhong Li. Manipulating the texture configuration and formability of interstitial-free steels through low-oxygen rare earth addition [J]. Metals Advances, 2026, 40(2): 101-109.
[2]	Zheng-Hong Liu, Ying Han, Jia-Peng Sun, Ming-Kun Jiang, Ying Song, Guo-Qing Zu, Xu Ran. A Novel Cu-Modified 20Cr Lean Duplex Stainless Steel with Exceptional Combination of Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Resistance [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2025, 38(8): 1361-1370.
[3]	Sen Ge, Ben Niu, Zhen-Hua Wang, Qian-Fu Pan, Chao-Hong Liu, Qing Wang. Recrystallization Behavior and Mechanical Property of a Medium-Si 12%Cr Reduced Activation Ferritic/Martensitic Steel Cladding Tube During the Manufacture [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2025, 38(8): 1385-1396.
[4]	Hongyang Zhang, Huihui Nie, Zhijian Li, Hongsheng Chen, Wei Liang, Liuwei Zheng. Evolution of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AZ31 Sheets with Different Initial Microstructures During the Corrugated Wide Limit Alignment Process [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2025, 38(6): 1012-1028.
[5]	Haijian Liu, Tianle Li, Xifeng Li, Huiping Wu, Zhiqiang Wang, Jun Chen. Strength Optimization of Diffusion-Bonded Ti₂AlNb Alloy by Post-Heat Treatment [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2025, 38(4): 614-626.
[6]	Tianyi Zeng, Zirui Luo, Hao Chen, Wei Wang, Ke Yang. Flow Behavior and Dynamic Recrystallization Mechanism of CSS-42L Bearing Steel During Hot Compression Deformation [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2025, 38(3): 465-480.
[7]	Nafiseh Mollaei, Seyed Mahmood Fatemi, Mohammad Reza Aboutalebi, Seyed Hossein Razavi, Wiktor Bednarczyk. Microstructure, Texture, Mechanical Properties, and Corrosion Behavior of Biodegradable Zn-0.2Mg Alloy Processed by Multi-Directional Forging [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2025, 38(3): 507-525.
[8]	Xiangru Guo, Jian Zhang, Tieqiang Kong, Junjie Shen, Qingjian Liu, Chaoyang Sun, Peipei Li. Unraveling the Discontinuous Dynamic Recrystallization of the TC17 Titanium Alloy during Hot Deformation by Crystal Plasticity Modeling [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2025, 38(12): 2243-2264.
[9]	Fang-Fang Cao, Cui-Ju Wang, Kai-Bo Nie, Quan-Xin Shi, Yi-Jia Li, Kun-Kun Deng. Mechanical Properties and Work Hardening Behavior of Ti_p/Mg-Gd-Y-Zn Composites [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2025, 38(10): 1777-1793.
[10]	Ping Li, Shuangwu Xia, Junfu Dong, Liangwei Dai, Zhicheng Luo, Kemin Xue. Effect of Bimodal Quasicrystal Phase on the Dynamic Recrystallization of Mg-Zn-Gd Alloy during High-Pressure Torsion [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2024, 37(7): 1128-1134.
[11]	Chuan Rong, Jieren Yang, Xiaoliang Zhao, Ke Huang, Ying Liu, Xiaohong Wang, Dongdong Zhu, Ruirun Chen. Microstructure Recrystallization and Mechanical Properties of a Cold-Rolled TiNbZrTaHf Refractory High-Entropy Alloy [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2024, 37(4): 633-647.
[12]	Hengrui Hu, Jiayu Qin, Yunpeng Zhu, Jinhui Wang, Xiaoqiang Li, Peipeng Jin. Hot Deformation Behavior and Microstructures Evolution of GNP-Reinforced Fine-Grained Mg Composites [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2024, 37(3): 407-424.
[13]	Ke Qiao, Kuaishe Wang, Jia Wang, Zhengyang Hao, Kairui Xue, Jun Cai, Fengming Qiang, Wen Wang. Microstructure Evolution and Recrystallized Behavior of Friction Stir Welding Twin-Induced Plasticity Steel [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2024, 37(11): 1947-1960.
[14]	Menghao Liu, Cuiwei Du, Yuewu Li, Xiaogang Li. A Novel Multiphase Stainless Steel with Ultra-Low Yield Ratio and High Ductility [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2024, 37(10): 1777-1784.
[15]	Junyi Ma, Lin Yu, Qing Yang, Jie Liu, Lei Yang. High-Superelasticity NiTi Shape Memory Alloy by Directed Energy Deposition-Arc and Solution Heat Treatment [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2024, 37(1): 132-144.