Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of B-Bearing Austenitic Stainless Steel Fabricated by Laser Metal Deposition In-Situ Alloying

doi:10.1007/s40195-021-01323-0

Abstract

Abstract:

In the field repair application of laser metal deposition (LMD), the kinds of powder materials that can be used are limited, while the equipment components are made of various materials. Hence many components have to be repaired with heterogeneous materials. However, it is difficult to match the mechanical properties between the repaired layer and the substrate due to the different materials. Based on the high flexibility of raw materials and processes in LMD, an in-situ alloying method is proposed herein for tailoring the mechanical properties of LMDed alloy. Using different mixing ratios of Fe314 and 316L stainless steel powders as the control parameter, the microstructure and mechanical properties of B-bearing austenitic stainless steel fabricated by LMD in-situ alloying with different proportions of Fe314 and 316L particles were studied. With the increase in the concentration of 316L steel, the volume fraction of the eutectic phase in deposited B-bearing austenitic stainless steel reduced, the size of the austenite dendrite increased, the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength decreased monotonically, while the elongation increased monotonically. Moreover, the fracture mode changed from quasi-cleavage fracture to ductile fracture. By adding 316L powder, the yield strength, tensile strength, and elongation of deposited B-bearing austenitic stainless steel could be adjusted within the range of 712 MPa-257 MPa, 1325 MPa-509 MPa, and 8.7%-59.3%, respectively. Therefore, this work provides a new method and idea for solving the performance matching problem of equipment components in the field repair.

Key words: Additive manufacturing, Laser metal deposition, In-situ alloying, B-bearing austenitic stainless steel, Mechanical properties

Sheng Huang, Xiaoyu Zhang, Dichen Li, Qingyu Li. Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of B-Bearing Austenitic Stainless Steel Fabricated by Laser Metal Deposition In-Situ Alloying[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2022, 35(3): 453-465.

Figures/Tables 14

Table 1 Chemical composition of Fe314 and 316L stainless steels (wt%)

Stainless steel	Cr	Ni	Mo	Si	B	Mn	Fe
Fe314	15	5	-	1	1	-	Bal
316L	17.5	13	2.5	0.3	-	0.3	Bal

Table 2 Process parameters employed in LMD

Laser power (W)	Beam diameter (mm)	Traverse speed (mm/s)	Powder feed rate (g/min)	Hatch spacing (mm)	Layer thickness (mm)
180	0.5	10	4.5	0.3	0.1

Fig. 1 X-ray diffraction patterns of Fe314 powder, 316L powder, and deposited B-bearing austenitic stainless steels with different concentrations of 316L

Fig. 2 EBSD images of deposited a Fe314, b 316L, c Fe314 + 60 wt% 316L stainless steels; Relative frequency profiles of austenite grain size in deposited d Fe314, e 316L, f Fe314 + 60 wt% 316 L stainless steels

Fig. 3 SEM images of deposited Fe314 stainless steel: a low-, b high- magnification images of the NOZ, c high- magnification image of the OZ

Fig. 4 BSE images and EDS profiles of deposited 316L stainless steel: a Low-, b high- magnification images of the NOZ, c EDS profiles of line 1 as shown in b, d high-magnification image of the OZ

Fig. 5 SEM images of deposited B-bearing austenitic stainless steels with different concentrations of 316L stainless steel: a-c 20 wt% 316L, d-f 40 wt% 316L, g-i 60 wt% 316L, j-l 80 wt% 316L stainless steels

Fig. 6 Volume fraction of eutectic and size of austenite dendrite in deposited B-bearing austenitic stainless steels with different concentrations of 316L stainless steel

Fig. 7 Microhardness profiles of deposited B-bearing austenitic stainless steels with different concentrations of 316L stainless steel

Fig. 8 Engineering stress-strain curves of deposited B-bearing austenitic stainless steels with different concentrations of 316L stainless steel

Table 3 Tensile properties of deposited B-bearing austenitic stainless steels with different concentrations of 316L stainless steel

Concentration	YS (MPa)	UTS (MPa)	TE (%)
0 wt% 316L	712 ± 15.5	1325 ± 32.7	8.7 ± 0.54
20 wt% 316L	446 ± 9.5	985 ± 10.5	15.3 ± 0.25
40 wt% 316L	389 ± 13.5	897 ± 20.5	20.8 ± 2.75
60 wt% 316L	360 ± 16.5	791 ± 13.0	30 ± 1.00
80 wt% 316L	285 ± 6.5	681 ± 3.5	39.5 ± 2.0
100 wt% 316L	257 ± 24.4	509 ± 25.6	59.3 ± 1.84

Fig. 9 Low-magnification SEM images of tensile fracture of deposited B-bearing austenitic stainless steels with different concentrations of 316L: a 0 wt% 316L, b 20 wt% 316L, c 40 wt% 316L, d 60 wt% 316L, e 80 wt% 316L, f 100 wt% 316L

Fig. 10 High-magnification SEM images of tensile fracture of deposited B-bearing austenitic stainless steels with different concentrations of 316L: a 0 wt% 316L, b 20 wt% 316L, c 40 wt% 316L, d 60 wt% 316L, e 80 wt% 316L, f 100 wt% 316L

Fig. 11 Schematic diagram for estimating the primary spacing of dendrite in directional solidification

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