Microstructural Features and Mechanical Behaviors of Al0.5Cr0.8CoFeNi2.5V0.2 High-Entropy Alloys Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting Technique

doi:10.1007/s40195-022-01389-4

Abstract

Abstract:

In this work, high strength and ductile Al_0.5Cr_0.8CoFeNi_2.5V_0.2 high-entropy alloys (HEAs) were fabricated by the selective laser melting (SLM) technique. After orthogonal experiments, it was verified that a wide SLM processing parameter window can be used to produce crack-free samples for the investigated HEAs. All the printed HEA samples exhibit good densification higher than 98.3%. It was found that obvious epitaxial growth leads to the formation of the cylindrical and equiaxed ordered face-centered cubic (FCC) crystals, displaying the characteristics of sub-cylindrical and sub-cellular microstructures. The low-angle grain boundaries (LAGBs) prefer appearing around subgrain structures, while the high-angle grain boundaries (HAGBs) tend to form around coarse grains. Two HEA samples with high and low apparent densities were selected to observe their mechanical properties, which exhibit Vickers hardness higher than 263 HV and do not fail during compression. With increasing densification, the strength gradually rises. According to the engineering stress-strain curves during compression, the yield strength is higher than 530 MPa, while the strength near 40% engineering strain is larger than 1840 MPa. During deformation, a large density of dislocations becomes popular within subgrain structures together with the pre-existing dislocations from rapid solidification, leading to the formation of planar and cross slip bands. Within coarse cylindrical crystals, some deformation twins are also induced together with the appearance of a distinct copper-type texture during deformation. As a result, the as-printed samples display better mechanical properties than the as-cast counterpart. The present studies provide a very good HEA candidate for the SLM process, but more work should be conducted to achieve excellent comprehensive properties.

Key words: High-entropy alloys, Selective laser melting, Mechanical properties, Microstructures

Yao Yan, Wei-Dong Song, Ke-Feng Li, Kang Zhao, Tong-Tong Sun, Kai-Kai Song, Jian-Hong Gong, Li-Na Hu. Microstructural Features and Mechanical Behaviors of Al_0.5Cr_0.8CoFeNi_2.5V_0.2 High-Entropy Alloys Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting Technique[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2022, 35(10): 1591-1606.

Figures/Tables 10

Table 1 SLM processing parameters for 23 sets of cubic HEA samples

Laser power (W)	Scan velocity (mm/s)	Hatch distance (mm)	Layer thickness (μm)	Volumetric energy density (J/m³)	Apparent density (g/cm³)	Densification (%)
200	960	0.11	0.04	47.34848	7.734 ± 0.005	98.35
200	600	0.11	0.04	75.75758	7.758 ± 0.005	98.65
200	960	0.08	0.04	65.10417	7.767 ± 0.005	98.76
200	960	0.15	0.04	34.72222	7.731 ± 0.005	98.31
250	960	0.11	0.04	59.18561	7.739 ± 0.005	98.41
250	600	0.11	0.04	94.69697	7.759 ± 0.005	98.66
250	1200	0.11	0.04	47.34848	7.776 ± 0.005	98.88
250 (SH)	960	0.08	0.04	81.38021	7.777 ± 0.005	98.9
250	960	0.15	0.04	43.40278	7.737 ± 0.005	98.39
285	960	0.11	0.04	67.47159	7.755 ± 0.005	98.62
285	600	0.11	0.04	107.95455	7.759 ± 0.005	98.66
285	1200	0.11	0.04	53.97727	7.764 ± 0.005	98.72
285	960	0.08	0.04	92.77344	7.757 ± 0.005	98.63
320 (SS)	960	0.11	0.04	75.75758	7.749 ± 0.005	98.54
320	600	0.11	0.04	121.21212	7.747 ± 0.005	98.52
320	1200	0.11	0.04	60.60606	7.763 ± 0.005	98.72
320	960	0.08	0.04	104.16667	7.752 ± 0.005	98.57
320	960	0.15	0.04	55.55556	7.750 ± 0.005	98.54
350	960	0.11	0.04	82.85985	7.754 ± 0.005	98.6
350	600	0.11	0.04	132.57576	7.758 ± 0.005	98.65
350	1200	0.11	0.04	66.28788	7.756 ± 0.005	98.63
350	960	0.08	0.04	113.93229	7.752 ± 0.005	98.57
350	960	0.15	0.04	60.76389	7.754 ± 0.005	98.6

Fig. 1 a Sketch map of the scanning strategy during the SLM process, b SEM patterns, c powder size distribution and cumulative distribution of feedstock powders, and d as-printed HEA samples obtained under different SLM processing parameters

Fig. 2 a Density dependence of the volumetric energy density, b hatch distance, c scanning speed, d laser power of all the as-printed HEA samples, respectively

Fig. 3 a XRD patterns of the as-printed samples as well as the samples after deformation, and the gas-atomized powders, b CLSM image, c, d SEM images of as-printed SH sample

Fig. 4 EDS mapping of elements a Al, b Cr, c V, d Co, e Ni, f Fe in the region A marked in Fig. 3d for the SH sample

Fig. 5 EBSD a phase map, b inverse pole figure map, c-e pole figure maps, f grain boundary map, and g KAM map of the as-printed SH sample (inset: GND density)

Fig. 6 a HRTEM image, b SAED pattern, c the enlarged HTEM image for the as-printed SH sample

Fig. 7 a Vickers hardness, b engineering stress-strain curves (insets: true stress-strain curves and the sample position), c the corresponding strain-hardening rate for the as-printed SH and SS samples together with the as-cast samples

Fig. 8 a SEM image of the sample unloaded at about 35.7% true strain, b the corresponding magnified image for the as-printed SH sample

Fig. 9 EBSD a phase map, b inverse pole figure map, c-e pole figure maps, f grain boundary map, g KAM map of the as-printed SH sample at about 35.7% true strain (inset: GND density)

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