Monitoring Damage Evolution in a Titanium Matrix Composite Shaft Under Torsion Loading Using Acoustic Emission

doi:10.1007/s40195-019-00888-1

Abstract

Abstract:

The damage behaviors of a titanium matrix composite shaft under torsion loading were monitored using the acoustic emission technique. The composite shaft with SiC fibers at ± 45° orientations was prepared by the solid-state fabrication process. Both the torsional rigidity and torsional strength of the TMC shaft were improved by SiC fibers. The acoustic emission responses during the loading-unloading-reloading, under quasi-static and cyclic torsion tests were investigated. Multiple acoustic emission signals were grouped as mechanical noise, matrix deformation, interface debonding and fiber fracture using amplitude, waveform shape and frequency centroid parameters. A substantial reduction of signals generated by matrix deformation was found in the reloading test. During the quasi-static torsion test, interface debonding and progressive breaks of SiC fibers occurred. According to different acoustic emission behaviors, the failure process in the torsion fatigue test can be divided into three stages: the initial stage, the fiber fracture stage and the fast fracture stage.

Key words: Metal matrix composites (MMCs), Fracture, Fatigue, Acoustic emission, Torsion

Xu Kong, Yu-Min Wang, Xu Zhang, Qing Yang, Guo-Xing Zhang, Li-Na Yang, Rui Yang. Monitoring Damage Evolution in a Titanium Matrix Composite Shaft Under Torsion Loading Using Acoustic Emission[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2019, 32(10): 1244-1252.

Figures/Tables 15

Fig. 1 Illustration of the TMC shaft

Fig. 2 AE setup on the shaft in the laboratory test

Fig. 3 Plots of surface shear strain versus torque for the matrix shaft and the TMC shaft

Table 1 Mechanical properties obtained during the test

Specimen	Torsional rigidity (kN m²)	Torsional strength (N m)	Fatigue life (Torque = 5500 N m)
Matrix shaft	12.87	7250	48,000
TMC shaft	17.63	9408	164,352

Fig. 4 AE responses in the loading-unloading-reloading test: a the matrix shaft, b the TMC shaft

Fig. 5 AE responses in the quasi-static torsion test: a the matrix shaft, b the TMC shaft

Fig. 6 Several typical AE waveform patterns

Fig. 7 Several typical AE power spectra by FFT

Fig. 8 Distribution of frequency centroid of AE signals: a the matrix shaft, b the TMC shaft

Table 2 Characteristics of several typical AE signals obtained during the test

AE signal type	Amplitude range (dB)	Waveform pattern shape	Frequency centroid (kHz)
Mechanical noise	45-85	Creeping rise and slow attenuation	200-350
Interface debonding	45-70	Sharp rise and rapid attention	400-950
Matrix deformation	45-90	Sharp rise and rapid attention	150-1000
Matrix deformation	90-110	Sharp rise and rapid attention	250-450
Fiber fracture	90-115	Sharp rise and rapid attention	450-600

Fig. 9 Analysis of fiber fracture from AE events above 90 dB in the TMC shaft

Fig. 10 a SEM images of the TMC shaft showing macro-morphology, b micro-morphology of the quasi-static torsion fracture surface

Fig. 11 Damage evolution in the torsion fatigue test: a periodic AE signals in the initial stage, b first fiber break in the torsion fatigue process, c AE response in the fast fracture stage

Fig. 12 A surface crack detected by dye penetration inspection

Fig. 13 a SEM images of the TMC shaft showing macro-morphology, b micro-morphology of the torsion fatigue fracture surface

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