Effect of Rotation Rate on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Processed Ni-Fe-Based Superalloy

doi:10.1007/s40195-021-01240-2

Abstract

Abstract:

In this work, friction stir processing (FSP) was applied to the high-strength and high-melting-point Ni-Fe-based superalloy (HT700) for the first time with negligible wear of the stir tool. Different rotation rates were chosen to investigate the effect of heat input on microstructure and tensile properties at different temperatures of friction stir processed Ni-Fe-based superalloy. The results showed that with increasing rotation rate, the percentage of high-angle grain boundaries and twin boundaries gradually decreased whereas the grain size initially increased and then remained almost constant; the difference in tensile properties of FSP samples with rotation rates of 500-700 rpm was small attributing to their similar grain size, but the maximum strength was achieved in the FSP sample with a rotation rate of 400 rpm and traverse speed of 50 mm/min due to its finest grain size. More importantly, we found that the yield strength of all FSP samples tensioned at 700 °C was enhanced clearly resulting from the reprecipitation of γ′ phase. In addition, the grain refinement mechanism of HT700 alloy during FSP was proved to be continuous dynamic recrystallization and the specific refinement process was given.

Key words: Superalloy, Friction stir processing, Grain refinement, Processing parameter

Miao Wang, Xing-Wei Huang, Peng Xue, Chuan-Yong Cui, Qing-Chuan Zhang. Effect of Rotation Rate on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Processed Ni-Fe-Based Superalloy[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2021, 34(10): 1407-1420.

Figures/Tables 15

Table 1 Chemical composition of HT700 alloy (wt%)

Fe	Cr	Al	Ti	Cu	W + Mo + Nb	Si + Mn + C + B	Ni
20	18	1.8	2.4	0.15	2.8	0.715	Bal

Fig. 1 Microstructure of the base material

Fig. 2 Schematic of FSP and geometry of extracted tensile and tool; PD, ND, and TD correspond to processing, normal, and transversal directions, respectively

Table 2 Detailed FSP parameters

Sample	Rotation rate (rpm)	Traverse speed (mm/min)
400/50	400	50
500/50	500	50
600/50	600	50
700/50	700	50

Fig. 3 Low magnification overview of the transversal cross section of different FSP samples: a 400/50, b 500/50, c 600/50, d 700/50. Red lines correspond to the influence of the shoulder

Fig. 4 a Low magnification overview of the transversal cross section of the FSP sample 600/50, subfigures 1 and 2 are enlarged images of the part marked by the dotted rectangle. b-e OM micrographs taken at various locations in the SZ corresponding to the location shown in a. AS is the advancing side, where the direction of the tool rotation is the same as that of the tool translation, and RS is the retreating side, where they are opposite

Fig. 5 EBSD orientation maps of crystallized grains and corresponding grain size distribution of different FSP samples: a and e 400/50, b and f 500/50, c and g 600/50, d and h 700/50

Fig. 6 Variation of grain size and misorientation fraction in the SZ with increasing rotation rate

Fig. 7 EBSD maps showing grain boundaries characteristics and the corresponding distribution of grain-boundary misorientation angle of different FSP samples: a and e 400/50, b and f 500/50, c and g 600/50, d and h 700/50

Fig. 8 EBSD maps showing the arrangement of sigma three ($\Sigma 3$) twin boundaries in different FSP samples: a 400/50, b 500/50, c 600/50, d 700/50

Fig. 9 STEM micrographs showing dislocations and dislocation structures of 500/50 FSP sample: a structure of dislocations and dislocation tangle zones at low magnification, b structure of dislocation cells and dislocation walls at higher magnification (DTZs, DCs, and DWs correspond to dislocation tangle zones, dislocation cells, and dislocation walls, respectively)

Fig. 10 Engineering stress-strain curves of the BM and FSP samples at different temperatures: a RT, b 400 ℃, c 700 ℃

Fig. 11 Mechanical properties of the BM and FSP samples tensioned at different temperatures: a yield strength, b ultimate tensile strength, c elongation.

Fig. 12 SEM micrographs of the fracture surface of the BM tensioned at different temperatures: a and b RT, c and d 400 ℃, e and f 700 ℃

Fig. 13 SEM micrographs of the fracture surface of 400/50 and 500/50 tensioned at different temperatures

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