Fe-Based Powders Prepared by Ball-Milling with Considerable Degradation Efficiency to Methyl Orange Compared with Fe-Based Metallic Glasses

doi:10.1007/s40195-018-0751-3

Abstract

Abstract:

In this study, the degradation efficiencies of zero-valent iron (ZVI) powders with different structures and components were evaluated for methyl orange (MO). The results show that the structure is an essential factor that affects degradation, and added non-metallic elements help optimize the structure. The amorphous and balled-milled crystalline Fe₇₀Si₁₀B₂₀ has comparative degradation efficiencies to MO with t_1/2 values of 6.9 and 7.0 min, respectively. Increasing the boron content can create a favorable structure and promote degradation. The ball-milled crystalline Fe₇₀B₃₀ and Fe_43.64B_56.36 powders have relatively short t_1/2 values of 5.2 and 3.3 min, respectively. The excellent properties are mainly attributed to their heterogeneous structure with boron-doped active sites in ZVI. Composition segregation in the nanoscale range in an amorphous FeSiB alloy and small boron particles in the microscale range embedded in large iron particles prepared by ball-milling, both constitute effective galvanic cells that promote iron electron loss and therefore decompose organic chemicals. These findings may provide a new, highly efficient, low-cost commercial method for azo dye wastewater treatment using ZVI.

Key words: Fe-based powder, Fe-based metallic glass, Degradation, Methyl orange, Galvanic cell

Sheng-Hui Xie, Guang-Qiang Peng, Xian-Meng Tu, Hai-Xia Qian, Xie-Rong Zeng. Fe-Based Powders Prepared by Ball-Milling with Considerable Degradation Efficiency to Methyl Orange Compared with Fe-Based Metallic Glasses[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2018, 31(11): 1207-1214.

Figures/Tables 5

Fig. 1 a XRD patterns of the as-prepared metallic glass powders. b XRD patterns of the as-prepared crystalline powders (a Fe43.64B56.36 before ball-milling, b Fe90B10 after ball-milling, c Fe70B30 after ball-milling, d Fe43.64B56.36 after ball-milling, e Fe70Si10B20 after ball-milling, f Fe70Si30 after ball-milling), c SEM surface morphology of the Fe-B C-ZVI powders after ball-milling. d EDS iron surface analysis at the same area of (c)

Fig. 2 The size distribution and surface morphologies of the powders after ball-milling; a Fe90B10 C-ZVI, b Fe70B30 C-ZVI, c Fe43.64B56.36 C-ZVI, d Fe70Si30 C-ZVI, e Fe70Si10B20 G-ZVI, f Fe70Si10B20 C-ZVI

Fig. 3 a Comparison of the UV absorption spectra for the as-prepared and completely degraded MO solutions with Fe43.64B56.36 C-ZVI; inset with the appearance and color change before and after the degradation. b The dependence of the decolorization ratio of different ZVI powders. c The fitting chart of the MO residual concentration for different ZVI powders. d The fitting chart of the MO residual concentration for Fe73B17Nb3Si7 and (Fe0.99Mo0.01)78Si9B13 G-ZVI and C-ZVIs

Table 1 Results of the nonlinear regression of the degradation curves and the half-life periods (t1/2)

Sample composition	C₀ (mg/L)	C_ultimate (mg/L)	k (min^-1)	t_1/2 (min)	r ²
Fe₉₀B₁₀ C-ZVI	20.0	2.0128	0.068	10.2	0.9761
Fe₇₀B₃₀ C-ZVI	20.0	0.2855	0.134	5.2	0.9966
Fe_43.64B_56.36 C-ZVI	20.0	0.2006	0.213	3.3	0.9967
Fe₇₀Si₃₀ C-ZVI	20.0	2.0653	0.046	15.1	0.9884
Fe₇₀Si₁₀B₂₀ G-ZVI	20.0	1.0978	0.100	6.9	0.9864
Fe₇₀Si₁₀B₂₀ C-ZVI	20.0	0.3172	0.099	7.0	0.9976

Fig. 4 X-ray photoelectron spectra of the Fe-B C-ZVI surfaces before and after degradation: a X-ray photoelectron spectra survey scan, b Fe 2p and c B 1s photoelectron spectra

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