Thermal Shock Behavior Analysis of Tungsten-Armored Plasma-Facing Components for Future Fusion Reactor

doi:10.1007/s40195-018-0721-9

Abstract

Abstract:

In a fusion reactor, plasma-facing components (PFCs) will suffer severe thermal shock; behavior and performance of PFCs under high heat flux (HHF) loads are of major importance for the long-term stable operation of the reactor. This work investigates the thermo-mechanical behaviors of tungsten armor under high heat loads by the method of finite element modeling and simulating. The temperature distribution and corresponding thermal stress changing rule under different HHF are analyzed and deduced. The Manson-Coffin equation is employed to evaluate the fatigue lifetime (cyclic times of HHF loading) of W-armored first wall under cyclic HHF load. The results are useful for the formulation design and structural optimization of tungsten-armored PFCs for the future demonstration fusion reactor and China fusion experimental thermal reactor.

Key words: Plasma-facing components, Thermo-mechanical behavior, High heat flux, Tungsten armor, Fatigue lifetime, Finite element method

Shu-Ming Wang, Jiang-Shan Li, Yan-Xin Wang, Xiao-Fang Zhang, Qing Ye. Thermal Shock Behavior Analysis of Tungsten-Armored Plasma-Facing Components for Future Fusion Reactor[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2018, 31(5): 515-522.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig. 1 FW mock-up with hot-isostatic-pressed Be tiles

Fig. 2 Sketch map of the PFC model size and two paths

Fig. 3 Corresponding FE mesh of the mock-up

Table 1 Thermal-physical properties of the considered materials at selected temperatures

Material	Temperature (°C)	Thermal conductivity (W m^-1 K^-1)	Coefficient of thermal expansion (10^-6 K^-1)	Young’s modulus (GPa)	Poisson’s ratio	Yield strength (MPa)	Tangent modulus (GPa)
W	20	173	4.5	398	0.28	1360	1.3
	200	156	-	396	-	1154	-
	500	133	4.7	390	-	854	1
	800	118	-	379	0.29	604	-
	1000	111	5.1	368	-	465	0.8
	1500	101	5.6	333	0.30	204	-
	1800	99	5.8	306	-	103	-
OFHC	20	403	16.7	125	0.34	69	1.5
	200	392	17.2	115		60	1.3
	400	379	17.8	100		48	0.9
	700	360	18.9	70		30	0.6
CuCrZr	20	326	16.7	128	0.32	293	0.9
	250	343	17.2	118	0.42	257	0.7
	500	348	18.2	103	0.52	195	0.6

Fig. 4 Temperature contour plots under different heat fluxes

Fig. 5 Distribution of temperature along the path A-A at different heat flux values: (a) 5 MW/m2, (b) 25 MW/m2

Fig. 6 Von Mises equivalent stress contour plots under different high heat fluxes

Fig. 7 Distribution of von Mises equivalent stress (a), temperature (b) along the path B-B at 2-10 MW/m2

Fig. 8 Distribution of von Mises equivalent stress (a), temperature (b) along the path B-B at 8-25 MW/m2

Fig. 9 Temperature variation at position 2 under different high heat fluxes

Table 2 Equivalent plastic strain in an HHF load cycle and the predicted fatigue lifetime at positions 1 and 2

Reference positions	High heat flux (MW/m²)
Reference positions	5	10	15	20
1	0.2942/8285	0.9429/1191	1.4649/571	2.0078/336
2	0.2944/8273	0.9640/1158	1.4991/548	2.0055/325

References

[1]	B. He, B. Huang, Y. Xiao, Y.Y. Lian, X. Liu, J. Tang, J. Alloys Compd. 686, 298(2016)
[2]	W.Z. Tang, L. Yang, W. Zhu, Y.C. Zhou, J.W. Guo, C. Lu, J. Mater. Sci.Technol. 32, 452(2016)
[3]	L.L. Snead, T.D. Burchell, Y. Katoh, J. Nucl. Mater. 381, 55(2008)
[4]	T. Hirai, K. Ezato, P. Majerus, Mater. Trans. 46, 412(2005)
[5]	H. Bolt, V. Barabash, G. Federici, J. Linke, A. Loarte, J. Roth, K. Sato, J. Nucl. Mater. 307-311, 43(2002)
[6]	R. Liu, Z.M. Xie, Q.F. Fang, T. Zhang, X.P. Wang, T. Hao, C.S. Liu, Y. Dai, J. Alloys Compd. 657, 73(2016)
[7]	M. Li, E. Werner, J.H. You, Nucl. Mater. Energy 2, 1 (2015)
[8]	C.X. Sun, S.M. Wang, W.H. Guo, W.P. Shen, C.C. Ge, J. Mater. Sci.Technol. 30, 1230(2014)
[9]	A. Jafari, M. Ghoranneviss, S. Meshkani, J. Fusion.Energy 35, 306 (2016)
[10]	M. Lipa, A. Durocher, R. Tivey, T. Hubber, B. Schedler, J. Weigert, Fusion Eng. Des. 75-79, 469(2005)
[11]	D.D. Qu, Z.J. Zhou, Y.J. Yum, J. Aktaa, J. Nucl. Mater. 455, 130(2014)
[12]	X. Chen, F. Ding, H. Mao, G. Luo, Z. Hu, F. Xu, G. Niu, M. Roeding, W. Kuehnlein, J. Linke, M. Merola, E. Rigal, B. Schedler, E. Visca, Fusion Eng .Des. 108, 98(2016)
[13]	G. Dell’Orco, P. Lorenzetto, A. Malavasi, G. Polazzi, M. Simoncini, G. Venturi, D. Zito, Fusion Eng. Des. 61-62, 117(2002)
[14]	T. Hirai, G. Pintsuk, Fusion Eng .Des. 82, 389(2007)
[15]	M. Roeding, W. Kuehnlein, J. Linke, M. Merola, E. Rigal, B. Schedler, E. Visca, Fusion Eng. Des. 61-62, 135(2002)
[16]	S.H. Huang, Y.Q. Zhao, W.H. Wang, Sci. China Technol .Sci. 59, 476(2016)
[17]	P. Gavila, B. Riccardi, G. Pintsuk, G. Ritz, V. Kuznetsov, A. Durocher, Fusion Eng. Des. 98-99, 1305(2015)
[18]	P. Lorenzetto, A. Cardella, W. Daenner, M. Febvre, A. Llzheofer, W. Richards, M. Roedig, Fusion Eng. Des. 61-62, 643(2002)
[19]	R.N. Giniyatulin, V.L. Komarov, E.G. Kuzmin, A.N. Makhankov, I.V. Mazul, N.A. Yablokov, A.N. Zhuk, Fusion Eng. Des. 61-62, 185(2002)
[20]	E. Madenci, I. Guven, The Finite Element Method and Applications in Engineering Using ANSYS ? (Springer, Berlin, 2015)
[21]	Z. Jin, K. Yin, K. Yan, D. Wu, J. Liu, Z. Cui, J. Mater. Sci.Technol. 33, 1255(2017)
[22]	S. Moaveni, Finite Element Analysis: Theory and Application with ANSYS (Pearson Education, Delhi, 2003)
[23]	ANSYS User’s Manual.(ANSYS Inc., Houston, 2005)
[24]	J.W. Davis, ITER Material Properties Handbook, Publication Package 3, S74RE1 97-08-01W1.6. (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1997)
[25]	J.H. You, M. Miskiewicz, J. Nucl. Mater. 373, 269(2008)
[26]	Y.J. Hu, S.L. Shang, Y. Wang, K.A. Darling, B.G. Butler, L.J. Kecskes, Z.K. Liu, J. Alloys Compd. 671, 267(2016)
[27]	M.Y. Li, J.H. You, Fusion Eng .Des. 101, 1(2015)
[28]	S.H. Huang, Y.Q. Zhao, W.H. Wang, J. Fusion.Energy 34, 1465 (2015)
[29]	ITER Director, ITER document G A0 FDR, (2001), pp. 20-39
[30]	F.P. Incropera, D.P. DeWitt, Introduction to Heat Transfer, Forth edn. (Wiley, New York , 2002), pp. 459-463
[31]	Y. Wang, S. Wang, Q. Ye, Q. Yan, C. Ge, J. Mater. Sci.Technol. 32, 1386(2016)
[32]	G. Halford, S.S. Manson, A method of estimating high temperature low cycle fatigue behavior of materials. U.S. Patent no. NASA-TM-X-52770
[33]	N. Jaksic, H. Greuner, A. Herrmann, Fusion Eng .Des. 88, 1789(2013)
[34]	D.H. Lassila, G.T.Gray III, J. Phys. IV. 4, 354(1994)