Characterization of Interfacial Bonding Mechanism for Graphene-Modified Powder Metallurgy Nickle-Based Superalloy

doi:10.1007/s40195-018-0705-9

Abstract

Abstract:

A modified FGH96 superalloy using 0.1 wt% graphene was successfully prepared using the wet mixing method. The interfacial bonding mechanism between the graphene and the superalloy matrix was characterized using optical microscope, scanning electronic microscope, transmission electronic microscope and X-ray tomography. The results revealed that the graphene could be dispersed uniformly inside the matrix of the superalloy, and the bonding interface between graphene and the superalloy showed a rather diffusion instead of abrupt distinction, suggesting that the interface was formed via chemical fusion rather than a mechanical combination. The uniform dispersity of the graphene inside the superalloy matrix could improve the tensile properties significantly, including tensile strength, plasticity and yield strength. The existence of the graphene at the fracture surface further verified that the graphene could increase the effective bearing force of the material during the tensile test.

Key words: Powder metallurgical (PM) superalloy, Graphene, Interfacial binding mechanism, Mechanical properties, Characterization

Jin-Wen Zou, Xiao-Feng Wang, Jie Yang, Chuan-Bo Ji, Xu-Qing Wang, Xian-Qiang Fan, Zhi-Peng Guo. Characterization of Interfacial Bonding Mechanism for Graphene-Modified Powder Metallurgy Nickle-Based Superalloy[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2018, 31(7): 753-760.

Figures/Tables 11

Table 1 Chemical composition of FGH96 (wt%)

C	Cr	Co	Mo	W	Al	Ti	Nb	B	Zr	Ni
0.030	16.000	13.000	4.000	4.000	2.200	3.700	0.800	0.011	0.036	Bal.

Fig. 1 HRTEM images of graphene morphology a and diffraction pattern b, local zoom-in area of graphene surface c and transverse section of graphene layer d

Fig. 2 Low- a and high-magnification b surface morphologies of modified FGH96 powder with graphene, low c and high-magnification d morphology and distribution of graphene after HIP, HEX, HIF and HT

Fig. 3 Characterization of distribution of graphene inside superalloy matrix using X-ray tomography: a-c internal structures in three perpendicular view directions; d-f morphologies of typical graphene within three different image slices; g reconstructed 3D morphology of grapheme; h 3D distribution of graphene inside cylindrical sample

Fig. 4 HRTEM image of graphene at one edge of the sample: a, b graphene morphologies at two different viewpoints; chemical composition of matrix elements was measured using EDS along the line as indicated in c and the subsequent results for element Cr, Ni, Co, C and O are shown in d-h, respectively

Fig. 5 TEM images showing bonding interface between graphene and superalloy matrix a, EDS analysis of position P b and zoom-in areas near position P showing with different contrast colors c, d

Table 2 Tensile properties of FGH96 superalloy and graphene (GR)/FGH96 composites (Ψ: shrinkage on cross section)

Material	Temperature (°C)	Tensile strength (MPa)	Elongation (%)	Ψ (%)	Yield strength (MPa)
0.1 wt% GR/FGH96	20	1626	22.0	37	1222
FGH96	20	1568	-	21	1179
0.1 wt% GR/FGH96	650	1519	26.0	27	1088
FGH96	650	1461	21.9	18.5	1060

Fig. 6 SEM images of tensile fracture for 0.1 wt% graphene-modified FGH96 superalloy: a, b fracture morphologies without graphene; c, d fracture morphologies including graphene

Fig. 7 Hot compression properties of FGH96 superalloy and GR/FGH96 composite under different temperatures a, strain rates b

Table 3 Fatigue properties of FGH96 superalloy and GR/FGH96 composite

Material	Temperature (°C)	Waveform	F (Hz)	R _ε = ε_min/ε_max	△ε_t = ε_max - ε_min	N (cyc)
0.1 wt% GR/FGH96	650	Triangular wave	0.33	0.05	0.8	126,194
FGH96	650	Triangular wave	0.33	0.05	0.8	≥ 5000

Fig. 8 Creep properties of FGH96 superalloy and GR/FGH96 composite

References

[1]	K.S. Novoselov, A.K. Geim, S.V. Morozov, D. Jiang, Y. Zhang,S.V. Dubonos, I.V. Grigorieva, A.A. Firsov, Science 306, 666(2004)
[2]	A.K. Geim, K.S. Novoselov, Nat. Mater. 6, 183(2007)
[3]	Y.P. Bliokh, V. Freilikher, S. Savel’Ev, F. Nori, Phys. Rev. B79, 7715(2012)
[4]	X. Shen, Z. Wang, Y. Wu, X. Liu, Y.B. He, J.K. Kim, Nano Lett. 16, 3585(2016)
[5]	C. Lee, X. Wei, J.W. Kysar, J. Hone, Science 321, 385 (2008)
[6]	J. Chen, C. Jang, S. Xiao, M. Ishigami, M. Fuhrer, Nat. Nanotechnol.3, 206(2007)
[7]	A.A. Balandin, S. Ghosh, W. Bao, I. Calizo, D. Teweldebrhan,F. Miao, C.N. Lau, Nano Lett. 8, 902(2008)
[8]	M. Liu, C. Chen, J. Hu, X. Wu, X. Wang, J. Phys. Chem. C 115,25234 (2011)
[9]	K. Wang, Y. Wang, Z. Fan, J. Yan, T. Wei, Mater. Res. Bull. 46,315(2011)
[10]	T. Kuilla, S. Bhadra, D. Yao, N.H. Kim, S. Bose, J.H. Lee, Prog.Polym. Sci. 5, 1350(2010)
[11]	A. Yasmin, J.J. Luo, I.M. Daniel, Compos. Sci. Technol. 66,1182(2006)
[12]	H. Porwal, P. Tatarko, S. Grasso, J. Khaliq, I. Dlouhy′, M.J.Reece,Carbon 64, 359 (2013)
[13]	H. Kim, A.A. Abdala, C.W. Macosko, Macromolecules 43, 6515(2010)
[14]	X. Huang, Chem. Soc. Rev. 41, 666(2012)
[15]	J. Du, B. Wen, Appl. Mater. Today 7, 13 (2017)
[16]	M. Rashad, F. Pan, M. Asif, L. Li, Prog. Nat. Sci. Mater. 25, 276(2015)
[17]	A. Esawi, K. Morsi, Compos. A 38, 646 (2007)
[18]	M. Rashad, F. Pan, Y. Liu, X. Chen, H. Lin, R. Pan, M. Asif, J. She, J. Magnes, J. Magnes. Alloys 4, 270 (2016)
[19]	M. Rashad, F. Pan, M. Asif, X. Chen, J. Magnes.Alloys 5, 271(2017)
[20]	M. Rashad, F. Pan, M. Asif, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 644, 129 (2015)
[21]	M. Rashad, F. Pan, J. Zhang, M. Asif, J. Alloys Compd. 646,223(2015)
[22]	F. Chen, J. Ying, Y. Wang, S. Du, Z. Liu, Q. Huang, Carbon 96,836 (2016)
[23]	X.N. Mu, H.M. Zhang, H.N. Cai, Q.B. Fan, Z.H. Zhang, Y. Wu,Z.J. Fu, D.H. Yu, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 687, 164 (2017)
[24]	M. Rashad, F. Pan, A. Tang, Y. Lu, M. Asif, S. Hussain, J. She,J. Gou, J. Mao, J. Magnes Alloys 1, 242 (2013)
[25]	M. Rashad, F. Pan, D. Lin, M. Asif, Mater. Des. 89, 1242(2016)
[26]	S. Yan, C. Yang, Q. Hong, J. Chen, D. Liu, S. Dai, J. Mater.Eng. 4, 1(2014)
[27]	L.Y. Chen, H. Konishi, A. Fehrenbacher, C. Ma, J.Q. Xu, H .Choi, H.F. Xu, F.E. Pfefferkorn, X.C. Li, Scr. Mater. 67, 29(2012)
[28]	J. Wang, Z. Li, G. Fan, H. Pan, Z. Chen, D. Zhang, Scr. Mater.66, 594(2012)
[29]	M. Yang, S.M. Xiong, Z. Guo, Acta Mater. 92, 8(2015)
[30]	S. Tian, H. Zhou, J. Zhang, H. Yang, Y. Xu, Z. Hu, Mater. Sci.Eng. A 279, 160 (2000)
[31]	E.M. Francis, B.M. B. Acta Mater. 74, 18(2014)
[32]	A. Kelly, W.R. Tyson, J. Mech. Phys. Solids 13, 329 (1965)
[33]	J.S. Bunch, S.S. Verbridge, J.S. Alden, V.D .Z. Nano Lett. 8, 2458(2008)