Metals Advances ›› 2026, Vol. 44: 44-52.DOI: 10.1016/j.metadv.2026.02.032
• Research Article • Previous Articles Next Articles
Hui Tanga,b, Zheng Qianb,c, Deyu Wangd, Huilin Pane, Ping Cuia,b, Zhenlian Chend,*(
), Xiayin Yaob,c,**(), Zhe Pengb,c,d,**()
Received:2025-10-14
Revised:2025-11-26
Accepted:2025-11-30
Online:2026-06-10
Published:2026-02-18
Contact:
* E-mail addresses: zhenlianchen@jhun.edu.cn (Z. Chen).Hui Tang, Zheng Qian, Deyu Wang, Huilin Pan, Ping Cui, Zhenlian Chen, Xiayin Yao, Zhe Peng. Solvation structure regulation via combined H2O-polar molecule and H2O-anion interactions toward stable zinc metal electrodes in aqueous batteries[J]. Metals Advances, 2026, 44: 44-52.
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Fig. 1. (a) Raman spectra and (b) illustrations of Zn2+ solvation sheath of ZnSO4 electrolytes with different H2O:DMSO ratios. (c) Determination of Ea based on the measurements of electrolyte ionic conductivity at different temperatures. (d) Cycling performances of half cells using ZnSO4 electrolytes with different H2O:DMSO ratios. Zn-O RDFs in (e) 10H2O:0DMSO and (f) 7H2O:3DMSO. (g) Zn-O CNs of the investigated electrolytes. Illustrations of (h) solvation modes in nonaqueous and aqueous electrolytes, and (i) Zn2+ solvation sheath in 7H2O:3DMSO.
Fig. 2. ESP diagrams of (a) FSI−, (b) OTF−, and (c) NO3−. The unity on the scale is hartree. Zn-O RDFs in (d) 7ZnSO4:3LiFSI, (e) 7ZnSO4:3LiOTF, and (f) 7ZnSO4:3LiNO3. (g) Zn-O CNs and (h) 1H NMR spectra of the investigated electrolytes. (i) Illustration of solvation structures of 7ZnSO4:3LiFSI and 7ZnSO4:3LiNO3 and their impact on the interfacial stability of Zn plating surface.
Fig. 3. SPM image and surface roughness of Zn deposition at 4 mAh cm−2 on Cu foils in (a) 7ZnSO4:3LiFSI, (b) 7ZnSO4:3LiOTF, and (c) 7ZnSO4:3LiNO3. (d) XRD patterns of Zn deposition at 4 mAh cm−2 on Cu foils in the investigated electrolytes. (e) Tafel plots of LSV curves for the corrosion current density measurements. (f) CV curves of half cells using the investigated electrolytes.
Fig. 4. Cycling performances of half cells using the investigated electrolytes at (a) 1 mA cm−2 - 0.5 mAh cm−2, (b) 1 mA cm−2 - 1 mAh cm−2, and (c) 2 mA cm−2 - 1 mAh cm−2. (d) Voltage profiles and (e) polarizations of symmetrical cells using the investigated electrolytes for rate ability tests. (f) Cycling performances of symmetrical cells using the investigated electrolytes at 1 mA cm−2 - 1 mAh cm−2. (g) Cycling performances of Zn-MnO2 full cells using 7ZnSO4:3LiFSI, 7ZnSO4:3LiOTF, and 7ZnSO4:3LiNO3 at discharge/charge rates of 3 C/3 C.
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