Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of Al-Mg foams prepared by PM

Fig. 2 a, d, g, j Cell structures, b, e, h, k distribution of cell diameters and c, f, i, l cell sphericity of AlMg1, AlMg3, AlMg5, and AlMg7, respectively

Fig. 3 a TG and DSC curves and b melt percentage of Al-Mg alloys

Fig. 4 a Surface tension of Al-Mg foams and b schematic diagram of drainage

Fig. 5 a Compressive stress-strain curves, b energy absorption capacity curves, c strengthening effect curves of Al-Mg foams

Fig. 6 Representative compressive properties of Al alloy foams and Al matrix composite foams [34,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43]

Fig. 7 a Compressive stress-strain curves, b energy absorption capacity curves of AlMg5 foams with different porosities

Fig. 8 Result of E and fit curves of Al-Mg foams: a AlMg3, b AlMg5, c AlMg7

Fig. 9 a XRD patterns of Al-Mg foams, b, c enlargement of a. d, e TEM images of AlMg5 foam. (inset: FFT A and IFFT B recorded at the marked boxes)

Fig. 10 Strain map of the quasi-static compression for AlMg5 foam along the horizontal direction $\left( {\varepsilon_{xx} } \right)$ at different macro-strains: a 0.3%, b 0.5%, c 1%, d 1.6%, e 2.4% and f 3.2%

Fig. 11 Deformation processes of the quasi-static compression for AlMg5 foam: a ε?=?0, b ε?=?5%, c ε?=?25%, d ε?=?40%, e high magnification of typical morphologies of d and f ε?=?80%

Fig. 12 Deformation processes of the quasi-static compression for AlMg7 foam: a ε?=?0, b ε?=?3%, c ε?=?5%, d ε?=?10%, e ε?=?25% and f ε?=?40%

Fig. 13 Schematic illustrations of deformation behavior of cell structure under compression