On the Martensitic Transformation Temperatures and Mechanical Properties of NiTi Alloy Manufactured by Selective Laser Melting: Effect of Remelting

doi:10.1007/s40195-021-01212-6

Abstract

Abstract:

In this study, the influence of laser remelting on the relative density, martensitic transformation temperatures (MTTs), and mechanical properties of a NiTi alloy fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM) at a laser power between 15 and 75 W were investigated. A relative alloy density of approximately 99% was achieved in the power range of 45-60 W corresponding to the forming energy density range of 65.45-87.27 J/mm³. The MTTs increased with the increase in the energy density; thus, the initial contents of the B2 and B19′ phases of the SLM-produced NiTi alloy can be tailored by the utilized technique. However, the number of defects such as metallurgical pores and microcracks considerably increased at higher energy densities (> 87.27 J/mm³). Interestingly, the concentration of these defects was reduced by remelting in the energy density range of 21.82-65.45 J/mm³, while the alloy relative density increased to 99.7% ± 0.1% at a remelting energy density of 65.45 J/mm³. The results of tensile testing revealed that when the remelting energy was 75% or 100% of the forming energy input, the ultimate tensile strength and elongation of the alloy significantly increased. Therefore, the remelting strategy represents a promising route for manufacturing NiTi alloys with desired MTT ranges and mechanical properties.

Key words: Selective laser melting, NiTi alloy, Laser remelting, Martensitic transformation temperature

Jian-Bin Zhan, Yan-Jin Lu, Jin-Xin Lin. On the Martensitic Transformation Temperatures and Mechanical Properties of NiTi Alloy Manufactured by Selective Laser Melting: Effect of Remelting[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2021, 34(9): 1223-1233.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig. 1 a An SEM image and b particle size distribution of NiTi pre-alloy powder. c Schematic diagram of the laser remelting process. d Morphologies of the SLM-fabricated cubes and tensile test samples

Table 1 Chemical composition of the as-received NiTi alloy powder (wt%)

Ti	Ni	O	Fe	C
44.48	55.98	0.046	0.004	0.0025

Table 2 Processing parameters used for fabricating different NiTi alloy samples by SLM

	Sample	First scanning power, P_f (W)	Remelting power, P_re (W)	Forming energy density, E_f (J/mm³)	Remelting energy density, E_re (J/mm³)
Group A	A1	30	-	43.64	-
	A2	45	-	65.45	-
	A3	60	-	87.27	-
	A4	75	-	109.09	-
Group B	A3-15	60	15	87.27	21.82
	A3-30	60	30	87.27	43.64
	A3-45	60	45	87.27	65.45
	A3-60	60	60	87.27	87.27

Fig. 2 Relationship between the laser energy density and porosity of the fabricated alloy specimens

Fig. 3 Optical micrographs obtained for samples a A1, b A2, c A3, d A4, e A3-15, f A3-30, g A3-45, h A3-60

Fig. 4 Optical micrographs of samples a A3, b A3-15, c A3-30, d A3-45, e A3-60

Fig. 5 SEM images of the overlapping areas of the molten pools and the corresponding EDS data obtained for samples a, b, c, d A3, e, f, g, h A3-15, i, j, k, l A3-30, m, n, o, p A3-45, q, r, s, t A3-60

Table 3 Average concentrations of Ni and Ti elements in the studied samples

Sample	Ti (wt%)	Ni (wt%)	Ti (at%)	Ni (at%)
A3	44.665 ± 0.285	55.335 ± 0.285	49.73 ± 0.29	50.27 ± 0.29
A3-15	44.805 ± 0.275	55.195 ± 0.275	49.875 ± 0.275	50.125 ± 0.275
A3-30	44.71 ± 0.15	55.29 ± 0.15	49.775 ± 0.155	50.225 ± 0.155
A3-45	44.945 ± 0.355	55.055 ± 0.355	50.01 ± 0.36	49.99 ± 0.36
A3-60	45.24 ± 0.38	54.76 ± 0.38	50.31 ± 0.38	49.69 ± 0.38

Fig. 6 a XRD spectra of the SLM samples from groups A and B and results of the (110)B2 peak refinement procedure obtained for samples b A3, c A3-15, d A3-30, e A3-45, f A3-60

Fig. 7 DSC curves of the SLM samples and the corresponding Ms, Mf, As, and Af values obtained for a, b group A, c, d group B. The vertical dashed lines denote the room temperature

Fig. 8 Tensile properties of the samples fabricated by different scanning strategies: a, b group A c, d group B

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