Comparison of Additives in Anode: The Case of Graphene, MXene, CNTs Integration with Silicon Inside Carbon Nanofibers

doi:10.1007/s40195-020-01153-6

Abstract

Abstract:

Recently, graphene oxide (GO), MXene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been used for compounding with other materials as anodes and cathodes to achieve excellent electrochemical properties for metal-ion batteries. However, few researches have focused on the differences between the three additives. Herein, silicon, as a typical anode, is selected to integrate with MXene, GO and CNTs in carbon nanofibers (CNFs) and form Si/MXene@CNFs, Si/GO@CNFs and Si/CNTs@CNFs, respectively. Together with the results, it can be realized that these CNFs with a significant improved performance compared with pure Si@CNFs show superiority in different aspects of electrochemical properties. Additionally, the reasons for the superiority are also discussed in this work. The addition of MXene can improve the cycle stability of the electrodes, thereby obtaining a high capacity retention rate, CNTs are favorable for the enhancement of rate performance, and the electrodes reversible capacity can be increased due to the addition of GO. Consequently, the studies on three additives may contribute to the rational design of silicon-based and other anode materials.

Key words: Silicon alloy, Graphene oxide, Mxene, Carbon nanotubes, Lithium-ion battery

Min Jiang, Miaomiao Jiang, Hong Gao, Junliang Chen, Wuming Liu, Yuanyuan Ma, Wei Luo, Jianping Yang. Comparison of Additives in Anode: The Case of Graphene, MXene, CNTs Integration with Silicon Inside Carbon Nanofibers[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2021, 34(3): 337-346.

Figures/Tables 8

Fig. 1 Schematic illustration of the preparation procedure of Si/MXene@CNFs, Si/GO@CNFs and Si/CNTs@CNFs

Fig. 2 SEM images of Si/MXene@PAN nanofibers a, Si/GO@PAN nanofibers b, Si/CNTs@PAN nanofibers c, Si/MXene@CNFs d, Si/GO@CNFs e, Si/CNTs@CNFs f

Fig. 3 TEM and HRTEM images of Si/MXene@CNFs a, d, Si/GO@CNFs b, e, Si/CNTs@CNFs c, f; HAADF-STEM image and the corresponding EDS element mapping of Si/CNTs@CNFs g

Fig. 4 XRD patterns a, Raman patterns b, TGA curves c, XPS spectra d, C 1 s XPS spectra e, Si 2p XPS spectra f of Si/MXene@CNFs, Si/GO@CNFs and Si/CNTs@CNFs

Fig. 5 CV curves of Si/MXene@CNFs a, Si/GO@CNFs b, Si/CNTs@CNFs c electrodes for the first five cycles at a scan rate of 0.1 mV s-1 in the voltage range of 0.01-2 V (vs Li/Li+); the initial discharge capacity d, initial charge capacity e, average ICE f of Si/MXene@CNFs, Si/GO@CNFs and Si/CNTs@CNFs; the GCD in the first three cycles of Si/MXene@CNFs g, Si/GO@CNFs h, Si/CNTs@CNFs i anodes at 0.1 A g-1

Fig. 6 Rate performance a, capacity retention rate c at different current densities of Si/MXene@CNFs, Si/GO@CNFs and Si/CNTs@CNFs anodes; cycle performance of the three CNFs at current density of 1 A g-1 b, the corresponding capacity retention rate after different cycles d; comparison of the electrochemical performance of three CNFs anodes e

Fig. 7 CV curves of Si/MXene@CNFs a, Si/GO@CNFs b, Si/CNTs@CNFs c anodes at various scan rates ranging from 0.1 to 2.0 mV s-1 and the corresponding linear relationships between the peak current and the scan rate of Si/MXene@CNFs d, Si/GO@CNFs e, Si/CNTs@CNFs f anodes

Fig. 8 EIS a, simulated equivalent circuit of the Si/MXene@CNFs, Si/GO@CNFs and Si/CNTs@CNFs b, Rct of three CNFs electrodes after 15 cycles c

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