Influence of Static Low Electromagnetic Field on Copper Corrosion in the Presence of Multispecies Aerobic Bacteria

doi:10.1007/s40195-019-00915-1

Abstract

Abstract:

The effects of low electromagnetic field (EMF) (B = 2 mT) on the corrosion of pure copper in the absence and presence of multispecies marine aerobic bacteria were investigated in this work. The results showed that EMF has an inhibitory effect on copper metals and decreases the corrosion rate of copper metals in sterile artificial seawater. However, microbiologically influenced corrosion of Cu was increased in the presence of electromagnetic field due to its effect on the biofilm morphology and structure. EMF reduced the growth rate of bacteria and decreased bacterial attachment, thereby forming a heterogeneous and non-stable biofilm on the Cu surface in the presence of EMF. Moreover, the biofilm was dispersed throughout the surface after 7 days, whereas the scattered bacteria were observed on the surface after 10 days. Confocal laser scanning microscopy images showed large and deep pits on the surface in the presence of EMF and confirmed the acceleration of Cu corrosion in the presence of EMF and multispecies bacteria. Furthermore, XPS and FTIR results demonstrated that the corrosion products and metabolic by-products were significantly changed in the presence of EMF.

Key words: Electromagnetic field, Multispecies aerobic bacteria, Corrosion, Biofilm

Xiao-Yang Wei, Masoumeh Moradi, Li-Jing Yang, Zhen-Lun Song, Bi-Zhang Zheng, Zhan-Peng Lu. Influence of Static Low Electromagnetic Field on Copper Corrosion in the Presence of Multispecies Aerobic Bacteria[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2019, 32(10): 1287-1297.

Figures/Tables 12

Fig. 1 a Experimental set-up for low EMF with the DC generator, b schematic of flat-plate bioreactor equipped with a solenoid copper used in this study

Fig. 2 Variation in growth rate of planktonic bacteria in flat-plate bioreactor without and with EMF during 7 days of exposure at 50 rpm and 30 °C

Fig. 3 CLSM images of pure Cu exposed to artificial seawater inoculated with multispecies aerobic bacteria for 1 days a, a′, 5 days b, b′, 7 days c, c′ and 10 days d, d′ without a-d, with EMF a′-d′ with 50 rpm and 30 °C

Fig. 4 FTIR spectra of biofilm formed on pure Cu specimens exposed to sterile artificial seawater inoculated with multispecies aerobic bacteria without and with EMF for 10 days at 50 rpm and 30 °C

Fig. 5 Nyquist plots a-d and Bode diagrams a′-d′ obtained for pure Cu specimens exposed to sterile artificial seawater a, a′, b, b′ and inoculated medium with multispecies marine aerobic bacteria c, c′, d, d′ in the absence a, a′, c, c′, presence of EMF b, b′, d, d′ at different immersion times at 50 rpm and 30 °C

Table 1 Electrical elements obtained from the best fitting of experimental impedance diagrams of the pure Cu/electrolyte interface, using Zsim program

Sample	R_s (Ω cm²)	R_ct (Ω cm²)	CPE_dl (mF cm^-2)	n	R_f (Ω cm²)	CPE_p (mF cm^-2)	n
In sterile artificial seawater
First	3.05	1137	0.392	0.73	2.63	9.55	0.36
After 1 day	5.12	1286	0.405	0.73	1.07	1.29	0.43
After 3 days	4.72	1661	1.25	0.8	39.95	0.347	0.78
After 5 days	6.37	1367	1.58	0.47	20.01	0.554	0.71
After 7 days	8.45	1298	1.71	0.58	11.79	0.51	0.89
After 10 days	1.27	1070	2.26	0.8	4.14	0.161	0.69
In sterile artificial seawater introduced by EMF
First	3.01	14.89	0.318	0.8	14.89	2.01	0.8
After 1 day	8.56	16.53	0.254	0.76	45.26	1.44	0.55
After 3 days	9.48	2242	0.221	0.79	42.75	1.18	0.55
After 5 days	6.45	2707	0.197	0.7	79.99	0.904	0.8
After 7 days	6.26	2407	0.291	0.8	53.85	1.02	0.8
After 10 days	5.18	2156	0.312	0.8	29.38	1.21	0.8
In the presence of multispecies aerobic bacteria
First	4.69	1909	0.756	0.65	-	-	-
After 1 day	10.51	19,150	0.0544	0.6	501.1	0.00785	0.99
After 3 days	16.7	19,020	0.0126	0.94	389	0.0543	0.63
After 5 days	7.86	17,120	0.0633	0.72	462.5	0.00884	0.99
After 7 days	10.25	10,610	0.0101	0.31	206.2	0.0844	0.81
After 10 days	9.98	9845	0.0741	0.81	185.3	0.0185	0.8
In the presence of multispecies aerobic bacteria and EMF
First	1.86	2851	0.0256	0.99	403.1	0.190	0.52
After 1 day	4.23	9975	0.0084	0.99	273	0.359	0.66
After 3 days	4.16	16,550	0.0175	0.98	191.6	0.326	0.7
After 5 days	5.59	12,820	0.026	0.98	243.7	0.322	0.71
After 7 days	2.31	4596	0.205	0.98	31.42	0.42	0.52
After 10 days	2.39	4098	0.277	0.87	12.88	0.53	0.49

Fig. 6 Equivalent circuit model for the evaluation of the experimental impedance diagrams of pure Cu in the sterile artificial seawater and in the presence of multispecies marine aerobic bacteria without and with EMF

Fig. 7 Tafel polarisation curves of pure Cu in the sterile artificial seawater a and in the presence of multispecies marine aerobic bacteria b without and with EMF for 7 days of exposure at 50 rpm and 30 °C

Table 2 Potentiodynamic polarisation parameters of pure copper metal immersed in the sterile artificial seawater and in the presence of multispecies marine aerobic bacteria in the presence and absence of EMF after 10 days of exposure at 30 °C and 50 rpm

Solution	E_corr (V vs. SCE)	i_corr (μA cm^-2)	β_c (mV dec^-1)	β_a (mV dec^-1)	Corrosion rate (mm/year)
Sterile artificial seawater without EMF	- 0.318	67.1	- 103	161	0.784
Sterile artificial seawater with EMF	- 0.269	1.74	- 75	85	0.020
Artificial seawater containing multispecies bacteria without EMF	- 0.334	10.05	- 121	104	0.117
Artificial seawater containing multispecies bacteria with EMF	- 0.277	21.8	- 81	100	0.255

Fig. 8 FESEM images of pure Cu in the presence of artificial seawater inoculated with multispecies marine aerobic bacteria without a, a′, c, c′ and with EMF b, b′, d, d′ before a, a′, b, b′, after removing biofilm c, c′, d, d′

Fig. 9 CLSM analyses of pits on pure Cu samples exposed to artificial seawater inoculated with multispecies marine aerobic bacteria without a, with EMF b for 10 days at 50 rpm and 30 °C

Fig. 10 High-resolution XPS spectra of a, a′ O1s, b, b′ Cu 2p, c, c′ C 1s, and d, d′ N 1s for pure Cu samples exposed to artificial seawater inoculated with multispecies marine aerobic bacteria without a-d, with EMF a′-d′ for 10 days at 50 rpm and 30 °C

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