Compression Behavior and Failure Mechanisms of Bionic Porous NiTi Structures Built via Selective Laser Melting

doi:10.1007/s40195-023-01523-w

Abstract

Abstract:

Inspired by the crystal microstructure of metals and the bamboo, the bionic porous NiTi structures with the porosities in the range of 75.8%-84.9% were built via selective laser melting (SLM). The compression behavior and the failure mechanisms of the porous NiTi structures were evaluated. It demonstrated an increase in the elastic modulus and ultimate strength when the porosity was decreased, from 3.06 to 7.66 GPa and from 34.1 to 147.6 MPa, respectively. The relationship between the elastic modulus and the porosity obtained by the finite element analysis exhibited similar tendency with the experiment, and agreed well with the Gibson-Ashby model's prediction. Based on the theoretical model above and the observation of the deformation processing, the plastic deformation behavior and failure mechanisms of the SLMed porous NiTi structures were analyzed.

Key words: Selective laser melting, NiTi shape memory alloys, Additive manufacturing, Porous structure, Bionic design

Xiaolong Zhang, Yue Jiang, Shupeng Wang, Shuo Wang, Ziqiang Wang, Zhenglei Yu, Zhihui Zhang, Luquan Ren. Compression Behavior and Failure Mechanisms of Bionic Porous NiTi Structures Built via Selective Laser Melting[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2023, 36(6): 926-936.

Figures/Tables 12

Fig. 1 a Design of the BC and BC-B cells; b results of the finite element analysis; c CAD design of Model 1, Model 2, Model 3 and Model 4

Table 1 Unit sizes of the models

Structure	Wall-a (mm)	Diameter-b (mm)	Porosity (%)
Model 1	1.5	1.3	84.9
Model 2	1.2	1	81
Model 3	1	0.8	78.4
Model 4	0.8	0.62	75.8

Table 2 Chemical composition of the NiTi powder (wt%)

Ni	Fe	C	O	N	Ti
55.8	0.0083	0.0066	0.0576	0.0067	Bal.

Fig. 2 a Morphology of NiTi powder; b statistics of NiTi powder particle size; c XRD result of the NiTi powder; d SLM processed porous NiTi structures

Fig. 3 DSC curves of the different models, including the phase transformation temperatures (PTTs), martensite start temperature (Ms), martensite finish temperature (Mf), austenite start temperature (As) and austenite finish temperature (Af)

Table 3 Phase transformation temperatures of the different models

PTTs (°C)	M_s	M_f	A_s	A_f
Model 1	3.8	−48.2	−21.5	23.9
Model 2	14.1	−55.7	−24.8	39.5
Model 3	14.6	−65.8	−25.4	30.2
Model 4	18.2	−49.4	−23.2	42.6

Fig. 4 SEM images of the SLM processed models: a Model 1, b Model 2, c Model 3, d Model 4, e enlarged view of area A in d

Table 4 Size comparison between designed models and SLM processed models

Structure	CAD design			SLM details
Structure	Wall-a (μm)	Diameter-b (μm)	Porosity (%)	Minimum size-a-b (μm)	Diameter-b (μm)	Porosity (%)
Model 1	1500	1300	84.9	222.6	1206	78.4
Model 2	1200	1000	81	234.2	941.6	76.6
Model 3	1000	800	78.4	263.5	736.5	71.7
Model 4	800	620	75.8	329.4	539.6	63.9

Fig. 5 a Experimental compressive stress-strain curves of the four set of models, b elastic regime of the experimental compressive stress-strain curves of the SLM processed models, c compressive stress-strain curves obtained by FEA, d comparison of the elastic modulus obtained by the experiment and the FEA

Fig. 6 Relationship between the experimental and simulated elastic moduli and the porosity

Fig. 7 a Analysis of the deformation modes of the SLM processed models (take the Model 4 as an example), b typical compressive strain-stress curves for stretching-dominated porous structures [36]

Fig. 8 Observations of the compression deformation of the four set of models

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